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Android成长日记-Android四大组件之Service组件的学习

2015-07-02 11:36 666 查看
1、什么是Service?


Service是Android四大组件中与Activity最相似的组件,它们都代表可执行的程序,Service与Activity的区别在于:Service一直在后台运行,它没有用户界面,所以绝不会到前台来。一旦Service被启动起来,它就与Activity一样。它完全具有自己的生命周期。





A Service is an application component that can perform long-running operations in the background and does not provide a user interface. Another application component can start a service and it will continue to run in the background even if the user switches to another application. Additionally, a component can bind to a service to interact with it and even perform interprocess communication (IPC). For example, a service might handle network transactions, play music, perform file I/O, or interact with a content provider, all from the background. (来自官方解释:http://developer.android.com/guide/components/services.html)

2.小编经过查阅资料,以下是Service的相关资料:

定义:后台运行,不可见,没有界面
优先级高于Activity
用途:
播放音乐,记录地理信息位置的改变,监听某种动作.....
注意:
运行在主线程,不能用它来做耗时的请求或者动作
可以在服务中开一个线程,在线程中做耗时操作
类型:
1.本地服务(Local Service)
应用程序内部
startService stopService stopSelf stopSelfResult
bindService unbindService
2.远程服务(Remote Service)
Android系统内部程序之间
定义IBinder接口
Start 方式特点
1.服务跟启动源没有任何联系
2.无法得到服务对象
Bind 方式特点
1.通过Ibinder接口实例,返回一个ServiceConnection对象给启动源
2.通过ServiceConnection对象的相关方法可以得到Service对象

3.下面小编将通过一个demo讲述Service:


&实现service的步骤:1.创建一个类继承Service,完成必要的方法;2.在AndroidMinifast文件中进行注册 3. 调用



在此之前小编将讲述一个通过startService启动Servie

package com.demo.internet.musicapp;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;

/**
* Created by monster on 2015/7/2.
* 通过Start方式启动服务,这种服务的特点:
*      1.服务跟启动源没有任何联系
*      2.无法得到服务对象
*/
public class MusicService extends Service {

@Override
public void onCreate() {
Log.i("info", "Service--onCreate()");
super.onCreate();
}

@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
Log.i("info", "Service--onBind()");
return null;
}

@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
Log.i("info", "Service--onStartCommand()");
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}

@Override
public void onDestroy() {
Log.i("info", "Service--onDestroy()");
super.onDestroy();
}
}


调用:

intent1 =new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyStartService.class);
startService(intent1);









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下面小编通过使用bindService方式来实现播放音乐的demo

①.布局不予讲述

②.创建BindMusicService.java 继承Service ,并且进行注册

package com.demo.internet.musicapp;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.media.MediaPlayer;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;

/**
* Created by monster on 2015/7/2.
* 方式特点:
* 1.通过Ibinder接口实例,返回一个ServiceConnection对象给启动源
* 2.通过ServiceConnection对象的相关方法可以得到Service对象
*/
public class BindMusicService extends Service {
private MediaPlayer mPlayer;  //声明一个mediaPlayer对象
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
Log.i("info", "BindService--onBind()");
return new MyBinder();
}

@Override
public void unbindService(ServiceConnection conn) {
Log.i("info", "BindService--unbindService()");
super.unbindService(conn);
}

@Override
public void onCreate() {
Log.i("info", "BindService--onCreate()");
super.onCreate();
mPlayer=MediaPlayer.create(getApplicationContext(),R.raw.meizu_music); //实例化对象
//设置可以重复播放
mPlayer.setLooping(true);
}

@Override
public void onDestroy() {
Log.i("info", "BindService--onDestroy()");
super.onDestroy();
mPlayer.stop();
}
//必须通过继承Binder的方式才可以获得binderService服务
public class MyBinder extends Binder{
public BindMusicService getService(){
return BindMusicService.this;
}
}
public void Play(){
Log.i("info", "播放");
mPlayer.start();
}
public void Pause(){
Log.i("info", "暂停");
mPlayer.pause();
}

}


③. 在MainActivity中创建ServiceConnection接口并且实现未实现的方法,然后创建BindMusicService的声明,调用的时候bindService方法进行调用

package com.demo.internet.musicapp;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener{
private Button btn_start,btn_stop,bind_btn_start,bind_btn_stop,bind_btn_play,bind_btn_pause;
Intent intent1;
Intent intent2;
BindMusicService service;
ServiceConnection con=new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder binder) {
//当服务跟启动源连接的时候 会自动回调
service=((BindMusicService.MyBinder)binder).getService();
}

@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
//当服务跟启动源断开的时候 会自动回调
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initView();
}

private void initView() {
btn_start= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_start);
btn_stop= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_stop);
bind_btn_start= (Button) findViewById(R.id.bind_btn_start);
bind_btn_stop= (Button) findViewById(R.id.bind_btn_stop);
bind_btn_play= (Button) findViewById(R.id.bind_btn_play);
bind_btn_pause= (Button) findViewById(R.id.bind_btn_pause);
//绑定监听事件
btn_start.setOnClickListener(this);
btn_stop.setOnClickListener(this);
bind_btn_start.setOnClickListener(this);
bind_btn_stop.setOnClickListener(this);
bind_btn_play.setOnClickListener(this);
bind_btn_pause.setOnClickListener(this);
}

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()){
case R.id.btn_start:
//intent1=new Intent(MainActivity.this,MusicService.class);
//startService(intent1);
break;
case R.id.btn_stop:
//stopService(intent1);
break;

case R.id.bind_btn_start:
intent2=new Intent(MainActivity.this,BindMusicService.class);
bindService(intent2,con,BIND_AUTO_CREATE);//绑定服务
break;
case R.id.bind_btn_play:
service.Play();
break;
case R.id.bind_btn_pause:
service.Pause();
break;
case R.id.bind_btn_stop:
unbindService(con);//解除绑定服务
break;
}
}
}









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4.效果图演示:





5.源码分享:

https://git.coding.net/monsterLin/MusicAppService.git
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