android 网络编程之网络通信几种方式实例分享


如今，手机应用渗透到各行各业，数量难以计数，其中大多数应用都会使用到网络，与服务器的交互势不可挡，那么android当中访问网络有哪些方式呢？

现在总结了六种方式：

（1）针对TCP/IP的Socket、ServerSocket

（2）针对UDP的DatagramSocket、DatagramPackage。这里需要注意的是，考虑到Android设备通常是手持终端,IP都是随着上网进行分配的。不是固定的。因此开发也是有一点与普通互联网应用有所差异的。

（3）针对直接URL的HttpURLConnection。

（4）Google集成了Apache HTTP客户端，可使用HTTP进行网络编程。

（5）使用WebService。Android可以通过开源包如jackson去支持Xmlrpc和Jsonrpc,另外也可以用Ksoap2去实现Webservice。

（6）直接使用WebView视图组件显示网页。基于WebView 进行开发，Google已经提供了一个基于chrome-lite的Web浏览器，直接就可以进行上网浏览网页。

一、socket与serverSocket

客户端代码

public class TestNetworkActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{

private Button connectBtn;

private Button sendBtn;

private TextView showView;

private EditText msgText;

private Socket socket;

private Handler handler;

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.test_network_main);

connectBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_network_main_btn_connect);

sendBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_network_main_btn_send);

showView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.test_network_main_tv_show);

msgText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.test_network_main_et_msg);

connectBtn.setOnClickListener(this);

sendBtn.setOnClickListener(this);

handler = new Handler(){

@Override

public void handleMessage(Message msg) {

super.handleMessage(msg);

String data = msg.getData().getString("msg");

showView.setText("来自服务器的消息:"+data);

}

};

}

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

//连接服务器

if(v == connectBtn){

connectServer();

}

//发送消息

if(v == sendBtn){

String msg = msgText.getText().toString();

send(msg);

}

}

/**

*连接服务器的方法

*/

public void connectServer(){

try {

socket = new Socket("192.168.1.100",4000);

System.out.println("连接服务器成功");

recevie();

} catch (Exception e) {

System.out.println("连接服务器失败"+e);

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

/**

*发送消息的方法

*/

public void send(String msg){

try {

PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());

ps.println(msg);

ps.flush();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

/**

*读取服务器传回的方法

*/

public void recevie(){

new Thread(){

public void run(){

while(true){

try {

InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));

String str = br.readLine();

Message message = new Message();

Bundle bundle = new Bundle();

bundle.putString("msg", str);

message.setData(bundle);

handler.sendMessage(message);

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}.start();

}

}

二、RUL、URLConnection、httpURLConnection、ApacheHttp、WebView

public class TestURLActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {

private Button connectBtn;

private Button urlConnectionBtn;

private Button httpUrlConnectionBtn;

private Button httpClientBtn;

private ImageView showImageView;

private TextView showTextView;

private WebView webView;

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.test_url_main);

connectBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_btn_connect);

urlConnectionBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_btn_urlconnection);

httpUrlConnectionBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_btn_httpurlconnection);

httpClientBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_btn_httpclient);

showImageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_iv_show);

showTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_tv_show);

webView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.test_url_main_wv);

connectBtn.setOnClickListener(this);

urlConnectionBtn.setOnClickListener(this);

httpUrlConnectionBtn.setOnClickListener(this);

httpClientBtn.setOnClickListener(this);

}

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

// 直接使用URL对象进行连接

if (v == connectBtn) {

try {

URL url = new URL("http://192.168.1.100:8080/myweb/image.jpg");

InputStream is = url.openStream();

Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);

showImageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

// 直接使用URLConnection对象进行连接

if (v == urlConnectionBtn) {

try {

URL url = new URL("http://192.168.1.100:8080/myweb/hello.jsp");

URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();

InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();

byte[] bs = new byte[1024];

int len = 0;

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

while ((len = is.read(bs)) != -1) {

String str = new String(bs, 0, len);

sb.append(str);

}

showTextView.setText(sb.toString());

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

// 直接使用HttpURLConnection对象进行连接

if (v == httpUrlConnectionBtn) {

try {

URL url = new URL(

"http://192.168.1.100:8080/myweb/hello.jsp?username=abc");

HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url

.openConnection();

connection.setRequestMethod("GET");

if (connection.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {

String message = connection.getResponseMessage();

showTextView.setText(message);

}

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

// 使用ApacheHttp客户端进行连接(重要方法)

if (v == httpClientBtn) {

try {

HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();

// 如果是Get提交则创建HttpGet对象，否则创建HttpPost对象

// HttpGet httpGet = new

// HttpGet("http://192.168.1.100:8080/myweb/hello.jsp?username=abc&pwd=321");

// post提交的方式

HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(

"http://192.168.1.100:8080/myweb/hello.jsp");

// 如果是Post提交可以将参数封装到集合中传递

List dataList = new ArrayList();

dataList.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "aaaaa"));

dataList.add(new BasicNameValuePair("pwd", "123"));

// UrlEncodedFormEntity用于将集合转换为Entity对象

httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(dataList));

// 获取相应消息

HttpResponse httpResponse = client.execute(httpPost);

// 获取消息内容

HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();

// 把消息对象直接转换为字符串

String content = EntityUtils.toString(entity);

//showTextView.setText(content);

//通过webview来解析网页

webView.loadDataWithBaseURL(null, content, "text/html", "utf-8", null);

//给点url来进行解析

//webView.loadUrl(url);

} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}

三、使用webService

public class LoginActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{

private Button loginBtn;

private static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://192.168.1.100:8080/loginservice/LoginServicePort";

private static final String NAMESPACE = "http://service.lovo.com/";

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.login_main);

loginBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.login_main_btn_login);

loginBtn.setOnClickListener(this);

}

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

if(v == loginBtn){

//创建WebService的连接对象

HttpTransportSE httpSE = new HttpTransportSE(SERVICE_URL);

//通过SOAP1.1协议对象得到envelop

SoapSerializationEnvelope envelop = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);

//根据命名空间和方法名来创建SOAP对象

SoapObject soapObject = new SoapObject(NAMESPACE, "validate");

//向调用方法传递参数

soapObject.addProperty("arg0", "abc");

soapObject.addProperty("arg1","123");

//将SoapObject对象设置为SoapSerializationEnvelope对象的传出SOAP消息

envelop.bodyOut = soapObject;

try {

//开始调用远程的方法

httpSE.call(null, envelop);

//得到远程方法返回的SOAP对象

SoapObject resultObj = (SoapObject) envelop.bodyIn;

//根据名为return的键来获取里面的值，这个值就是方法的返回值

String returnStr = resultObj.getProperty("return").toString();

Toast.makeText(this, "返回值："+returnStr, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}