使用Nexus创建本地Maven仓库

使用Nexus创建本地Maven仓库

前言

什么是maven仓库，我们用来做什么

在以前使用 Ant 的时候，我们会建立一个 lib 目录在存放我们的 jar 包，比如项目所依赖的第三方包，每建立一个项目都要建立一个 lib ，不停的做 copy 工作，不仅是对于磁盘的浪费，而且也造成了版本管理上的麻烦。而且我们还需要通过提交到 svn 上来对 lib 进行管理，但是 svn 对于这种二进制文件的管理并不出色。

而Maven 仓库的初中就是为了解决这个问题，是所有常用的第三方包的集中营。这样所有的 Maven 项目就可以从这个仓库中获取所需要的资源， Maven 仓库中对 jar 通过 Group Id, Atifact Id, version 来管理 ，所以 Maven 项目可以很方便的进行依赖管理。你不需要自己来管理这个庞大的资源仓库。

而我们今天就是创建一个公司层面的仓库管理器。

Maven 仓库的三个概念：本地仓库、远程仓库和私有仓库

概念：

本地仓库是远程仓库的一个缓冲和子集，当你构建 Maven 项目的时候，首先会从本地仓库查找资源，如果没有，那么 Maven 会从远程仓库下载到你本地仓库。这样在你下次使用的时候就不需要从远程下载了。

远程仓库(中央仓库)是像Apache、jCenter这样的jar仓库提供者，也就是所谓的外网提供者。

私有仓库是在本地局域网上建立的jar仓库提供者，也就是所谓的内网提供者。

远程仓库和私有仓库的比较：

远程仓库

1. 网速慢，你可能需要花很长的时间来下载你所需要的 jar。

2. 如果你的公司很大，有几百甚至几千人再用 Maven ，那么这些人都去通过中央仓库来获取 jar ，那么这是一个很大的资源浪费。

3. 如果存在模块之间的依赖开发，你的 snapshot 版本是不能够被你的伙伴很方便的获取。

4. 在实际开发过程中，有些 jar 的版本可能在中央仓库里面不存在，或者更新不及时 ，你是获取不到这个 jar 的。

本地仓库

1. 这个仓库是本地的，下载的速度是从远程下载不可比的。

2. 可以为你公司所有的 Maven 使用者服务，可以进行统一管理。

3. 你可以添加自己的第三方包。

安装搭建

系统环境

windows系统

jdk（设置jdk的环境变量，要JDK1.7以上哦）

maven 3.3.3

nexus-2.11.3-01-bundle（Nexus 是 Maven 仓库管理器）

注意：如果JDK1.6的话，maven和nexus请用低版本的。

下载安装

jdk下载不再赘述。注意配置环境变量JDK配置

安装Maven

1. 下载maven Maven官网

2. 解压下载到的apache-maven-3.3.3-bin.zip到某个目录。

3. 设置环境变量。添加用户变量M3_HOME，在path中添加%M3_HOME%\bin

4. 验证maven是否安装成功。打开命令行，输入mvn -v，若显示如下maven版本信息即为安装成功。



安装nexus

1. 下载nexus 访问nexus官方网站

2. 解压至某个目录(如D:\developer\nexus-2.11.3-01-bundle)

3. 开启jetty服务器，找到D:\developer\nexus-2.11.3-01-bundle\bin\jsw\windows-x86-32（由于jdk安装的是32位版本，因此执行此目录下的文件，你根据你的jdk安装情况自由选择）目录，执行console-nexus.bat批处理文件，等待命令行执行到如下情况：出现Running和Started,说明启动成功。



注意不要关闭此命令行窗口，和你启动tomcat一样。

4. 访问nexus管理页面。打开浏览器，输入http://localhost:8081/nexus/，点击页面右上方的Log in超链接，输入默认用户名密码admin/admin123，登录nexus管理页面。

配置Nexus

登录nexus管理页面，点击左侧的Repositories，显示相关的仓库信息，各个仓库的含义可自行百度之。



同步索引

选中Central，点击下方的Configuration选项卡。修改Download Remote Indexes项的值为True。点击页面下方的save按钮。

右键点击Central，弹出菜单中点击Repair Index。Repair Index过程可能较慢，等待一会儿，进度可以从命令行窗口的日志中看到。

其他配置，你可以配置私服缓存路径。还有其他的Repository.

配置maven使用nexus

在maven安装目录中找到maven的全局配置文件。在解压目录下conf目录下的settings.xml文件。

修改settings.xml配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
distributed with this work for additional information
regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
software distributed under the License is distributed on an
"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations
under the License.
-->

<!--
| This is the configuration file for Maven. It can be specified at two levels:
|
|  1. User Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for a single user,
|                 and is normally provided in ${user.home}/.m2/settings.xml.
|
|                 NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
|
|                 -s /path/to/user/settings.xml
|
|  2. Global Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for all Maven
|                 users on a machine (assuming they're all using the same Maven
|                 installation). It's normally provided in
|                 ${maven.home}/conf/settings.xml.
|
|                 NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
|
|                 -gs /path/to/global/settings.xml
|
| The sections in this sample file are intended to give you a running start at
| getting the most out of your Maven installation. Where appropriate, the default
| values (values used when the setting is not specified) are provided.
|
|-->
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd"> <!-- localRepository
| The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.
|
| Default: ${user.home}/.m2/repository
<localRepository>/path/to/local/repo</localRepository>
-->
<localRepository>D:\mavenJars\.m2\repository</localRepository>

<!-- interactiveMode
| This will determine whether maven prompts you when it needs input. If set to false,
| maven will use a sensible default value, perhaps based on some other setting, for
| the parameter in question.
|
| Default: true
<interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode>
-->

<!-- offline
| Determines whether maven should attempt to connect to the network when executing a build.
| This will have an effect on artifact downloads, artifact deployment, and others.
|
| Default: false
<offline>false</offline>
-->

<!-- pluginGroups
| This is a list of additional group identifiers that will be searched when resolving plugins by their prefix, i.e.
| when invoking a command line like "mvn prefix:goal". Maven will automatically add the group identifiers
| "org.apache.maven.plugins" and "org.codehaus.mojo" if these are not already contained in the list.
|-->
<pluginGroups>
<!-- pluginGroup
| Specifies a further group identifier to use for plugin lookup.
<pluginGroup>com.your.plugins</pluginGroup>
-->
</pluginGroups>

<!-- proxies
| This is a list of proxies which can be used on this machine to connect to the network.
| Unless otherwise specified (by system property or command-line switch), the first proxy
| specification in this list marked as active will be used.
|-->
<proxies>
<!-- proxy
| Specification for one proxy, to be used in connecting to the network.
|
<proxy>
<id>optional</id>
<active>true</active>
<protocol>http</protocol>
<username>proxyuser</username>
<password>proxypass</password>
<host>proxy.host.net</host>
<port>80</port>
<nonProxyHosts>local.net|some.host.com</nonProxyHosts>
</proxy>
-->
</proxies>

<!-- servers
| This is a list of authentication profiles, keyed by the server-id used within the system.
| Authentication profiles can be used whenever maven must make a connection to a remote server.
|-->
<servers>
<!-- server
| Specifies the authentication information to use when connecting to a particular server, identified by
| a unique name within the system (referred to by the 'id' attribute below).
|
| NOTE: You should either specify username/password OR privateKey/passphrase, since these pairings are
|       used together.
|
<server>
<id>deploymentRepo</id>
<username>repouser</username>
<password>repopwd</password>
</server>
-->

<!-- Another sample, using keys to authenticate.
<server>
<id>siteServer</id>
<privateKey>/path/to/private/key</privateKey>
<passphrase>optional; leave empty if not used.</passphrase>
</server>
-->
</servers>

<!-- mirrors
| This is a list of mirrors to be used in downloading artifacts from remote repositories.
|
| It works like this: a POM may declare a repository to use in resolving certain artifacts.
| However, this repository may have problems with heavy traffic at times, so people have mirrored
| it to several places.
|
| That repository definition will have a unique id, so we can create a mirror reference for that
| repository, to be used as an alternate download site. The mirror site will be the preferred
| server for that repository.
|-->
<mirrors>
<!-- mirror
| Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
| this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
| for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
|
<mirror>
<id>mirrorId</id>
<mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf>
<name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
<url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url>
</mirror>
-->
<mirror>
<!--This is used to direct the public snapshots repo in the
profile below over to a different nexus group -->
<id>nexus-public-snapshots</id>
<mirrorOf>public-snapshots</mirrorOf>
<url>http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/groups/public-snapshots</url>
</mirror>
<mirror>
<!--This sends everything else to /public -->
<id>nexus</id>
<mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>
<url>http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
</mirror>
</mirrors>

<!-- profiles
| This is a list of profiles which can be activated in a variety of ways, and which can modify
| the build process. Profiles provided in the settings.xml are intended to provide local machine-
| specific paths and repository locations which allow the build to work in the local environment.
|
| For example, if you have an integration testing plugin - like cactus - that needs to know where
| your Tomcat instance is installed, you can provide a variable here such that the variable is
| dereferenced during the build process to configure the cactus plugin.
|
| As noted above, profiles can be activated in a variety of ways. One way - the activeProfiles
| section of this document (settings.xml) - will be discussed later. Another way essentially
| relies on the detection of a system property, either matching a particular value for the property,
| or merely testing its existence. Profiles can also be activated by JDK version prefix, where a
| value of '1.4' might activate a profile when the build is executed on a JDK version of '1.4.2_07'.
| Finally, the list of active profiles can be specified directly from the command line.
|
| NOTE: For profiles defined in the settings.xml, you are restricted to specifying only artifact
|       repositories, plugin repositories, and free-form properties to be used as configuration
|       variables for plugins in the POM.
|
|-->
<profiles>
<!-- profile
| Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated using one or more of the
| mechanisms described above. For inheritance purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/>
| or the command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.
|
| An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a consistent naming convention
| for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc.
| This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting
| to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug.
|
| This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and provides a JDK-specific repo.
<profile>
<id>jdk-1.4</id>

<activation>
<jdk>1.4</jdk>
</activation>

<repositories>
<repository>
<id>jdk14</id>
<name>Repository for JDK 1.4 builds</name>
<url>http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14</url>
<layout>default</layout>
<snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy>
</repository>
</repositories>
</profile>
-->

<!--
| Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env' with a value of 'dev',
| which provides a specific path to the Tomcat instance. To use this, your plugin configuration
| might hypothetically look like:
|
| ...
| <plugin>
|   <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId>
|   <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId>
|
|   <configuration>
|     <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation>
|   </configuration>
| </plugin>
| ...
|
| NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone set 'target-env' to
|       anything, you could just leave off the <value/> inside the activation-property.
|
<profile>
<id>env-dev</id>

<activation>
<property>
<name>target-env</name>
<value>dev</value>
</property>
</activation>

<properties>
<tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath>
</properties>
</profile>
-->
<profile>
<id>development</id>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>central</id>
<url>http://central</url>
<releases><enabled>true</enabled></releases>
<snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
<pluginRepositories>
<pluginRepository>
<id>central</id>
<url>http://central</url>
<releases><enabled>true</enabled></releases>
<snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
</pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>
</profile>
<profile>
<!--this profile will allow snapshots to be searched when activated-->
<id>public-snapshots</id>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>public-snapshots</id>
<url>http://public-snapshots</url>
<releases><enabled>false</enabled></releases>
<snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
<pluginRepositories>
<pluginRepository>
<id>public-snapshots</id>
<url>http://public-snapshots</url>
<releases><enabled>false</enabled></releases>
<snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
</pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>
</profile>
</profiles>

<!-- activeProfiles
| List of profiles that are active for all builds.
|
<activeProfiles>
<activeProfile>alwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
<activeProfile>anotherAlwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
</activeProfiles>
-->
<activeProfiles>
<activeProfile>development</activeProfile>
</activeProfiles>
</settings>

注意：

<localRepository>D:\mavenJars\.m2\repository</localRepository>

是我自己的本地仓库，你们修改成你们自己的本地缓存仓库。

3. 验证是否设置成功，打开命令行，执行如下命令：



之后，查看本地仓库和/sonatype-work/nexus/storage/central两个目录下都有了新下载到的jar包。则表示配置成功。

整体布局不太规范请别介意。