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Python MySQLdb Linux下安装笔记

2015-06-20 20:44 627 查看
本文介绍了Python MySQLdb Linux下安装笔记,本文分别讲解了快速安装和手动编译安装两种方法,并分别讲解了操作步骤,需要的朋友可以参考下
主要针对centos6.5 64位系统

默认python版本为2.6
编码安装python2.7和python3.4

一、yum快速安装
yum install MySQL-python
yum install python-setuptools
经常接触Python的同学可能会注意到,当需要安装第三方python包时,可能会用到easy_install命令。easy_install是由PEAK(Python Enterprise Application Kit)开发的setuptools包里带的一个命令,所以使用easy_install实际上是在调用setuptools来完成安装模块的工作。
Perl 用户比较熟悉 CPAN,而 Ruby 用户则比较熟悉 Gems;引导 setuptools 的
ez_setup 工具和随之而生的扩展后的 easy_install 与 “Cheeseshop”(Python Package
Index,也称为 “PyPI”)一起工作来实现相同的功能。它可以很方便的让您自动下载,编译,安装和管理Python包。

但yum安装的会默认安装到python2.6相应的目录下。

二、在python2.7源码包安装
1、需要:
A.gcc
B.setuptools

下载安装setuptools
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools

The recommended way to bootstrap setuptools on any system is to downloadez_setup.py and run it using the target Python environment. Different
operating systems have different recommended techniques to accomplish this
basic routine, so below are some examples to get you started.
下载ez_setup.py 根据自己版本执行:
python27 ez_setup.py 读取python配置并下载setuptools-17.1.1.zip
解压后执行:
python27 setup.py build
python27 setup.py install
根据报错进行相应修改
2、下载安装MySQLdb:
下载http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python/files/mysql-python/1.2.3/MySQL-python-1.2.3.tar.gz
解压后执行:
python27 setup.py build
python27 setup.py install
注:此模块不支持python3.4版本。
例:
import os,sys,string
import MySQLdb

try:
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='root',db='mysql')
except Exception,e:
print(e)
sys.exit('connect failed')

cur = conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) #设置游标
sql = "select Host,User,Password from user"

try:
ex = cur.execute(sql)
except Exception,e:
print(e)

data = cur.fetchall()

cur.close()
conn.close()

print(ex)
print(data)

三、在python3.4源码包安装
在python3.4中使用原来python2.7的mysqldb已不能连接mysql数据库了,可以使用pymysql,来完成连接mysql的重任
https://github.com/PyMySQL/PyMySQL

下载解压后执行

python34 setup.py build
python34 setup.py install

举例:
The following examples make use of a simple table

CREATE TABLE `users` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`email` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin
AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;

import pymysql.cursors

# Connect to the database
connection = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',
user='user',
passwd='passwd',
db='db',
charset='utf8mb4',
cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) 注:返回结果以字典形式显示

try:
with connection.cursor() as cursor:
# Create a new record
sql = "INSERT INTO `users` (`email`, `password`) VALUES (%s, %s)"
cursor.execute(sql, ('webmaster@python.org', 'very-secret'))
cursor.excutemany #批量执行

# connection is not autocommit by default. So you must commit to save
# your changes.
connection.commit()

with connection.cursor() as cursor:
# Read a single record
sql = "SELECT `id`, `password` FROM `users` WHERE `email`=%s"
cursor.execute(sql, ('webmaster@python.org',))
result = cursor.fetchone()
print(result)
finally:
connection.close()

This example will print:

{'password': 'very-secret', 'id': 1}

四、要点说明:

1、cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor 返回结果以字典替换元祖
2、fetchall 获取所有匹配数据
3、fetchone 一条一条获取
4、excutemany 批量操作

5、scroll(-1,mode='relative') 相对位置,回到上一条

scroll(0,mode='absolute') 绝对位置,回到记录第一条




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