Python的不定长参数研究

以一个＊开始的参数，代表一个任意长的元组：
>>> def mul(*arg):
... print arg
...
>>> mul(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,'hello','panfei')
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 'hello', 'panfei') ＃一个元组
>>>
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
一个以＊＊开始的参数，代表一个字典：
>>> def mul2(**arg):
... print arg
...
>>> mul2(a=11,b=444,c=888)
{'a': 11, 'c': 888, 'b': 444} 一个字典
>>>
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
两种参数前者可以直接写实参，后者写成名＝值的形式！
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊

下面看看 *args, **kwargs 的配合使用
def foo(*args, **kwargs):

print 'args = ', args
print 'kwargs = ', kwargs
print '---------------------------------------'

if __name__ == '__main__':
foo(1,2,3,4)
foo(a=1,b=2,c=3)
foo(1,2,3,4, a=1,b=2,c=3)
foo('a', 1, None, a=1, b='2', c=3)

输出结果如下：

args = (1, 2, 3, 4)
kwargs = {}
---------------------------------------
args = ()
kwargs = {'a': 1, 'c': 3, 'b': 2}
---------------------------------------
args = (1, 2, 3, 4)
kwargs = {'a': 1, 'c': 3, 'b': 2}
---------------------------------------
args = ('a', 1, None)
kwargs = {'a': 1, 'c': 3, 'b': '2'}
---------------------------------------可以看到，这两个是python中的可变参数。*args表示任何多个无名参数，它是一个tuple；**kwargs表示关键字参数，它是一个dict。并且同时使用*args和**kwargs时，必须*args参数列要在**kwargs前，像foo(a=1, b='2', c=3, a', 1, None, )这样调用的话，会提示语法错误“SyntaxError: non-keyword arg after keyword arg”。