Packet Tracer 5.2实验(十二) 标准IP访问控制列表配置
2015-06-18 00:00
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Packet Tracer 5.2实验(十二) 标准IP访问控制列表配置
时间:2015-02-28 21:37
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lsgxeva
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PacketTracer
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Packet Tracer 5.2实验(十二) 标准IP访问控制列表配置
一、实验目标理解标准IP访问控制列表的原理及功能;
掌握编号的标准IP访问控制列表的配置方法;
二、实验背景
公司的经理部、财务部和销售部分别属于不同的3个网段,三部门之间用路由器进行信息传递,为了安全起见,公司领导要求销售部不能对财务部进行访问,但经理部可以对财务部进行访问。
三、技术原理
ACLs的全称为接入控制列表(Access Control Lists),也称为访问列表(Access List),俗称为防火墙,在有的文档中还称之为包过滤。ACLs通过定义一些规则对网络设备接口上的数据报文进行控制:允许通过或丢弃,从而提高网络可管理性和安全性;
IP ACL分为两种:标准IP访问列表和扩展IP访问列表,编号范围分别为1~99、1300~1999,100~199、2000~2699;
标准IP访问列表可以根据数据包的源IP地址定义规则,进行数据包的过滤;
扩展IP访问列表可以根据数据包的源IP、目的IP、源端口、目的端口、协议来定义规则,进行数据包的过滤;
IP ACL基于接口进行规则的应用,分为:入栈应用和出栈应用;
四、实验步骤
实验拓扑
1、路由器之间通过V.35电缆串口连接,DCE端连接在R1上,配置其时间频率为64000;主机与路由器通过交叉线连接;
2、配置路由器接口IP地址;
3、在路由器上配置OSPF路由协议,让三台PC 能相互ping通,因为只有在互通的前提下才能涉及到访问控制列表;
4、在R1上配置编号的IP标准访问控制列表;
5、将标准IP访问列表应用到接口上;
6、验证主机之间的互通性;
R1:
Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#hostname R1 R1(config)#interface fa1/0 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shut %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#int fa0/0 R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shut %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#int se2/0 R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000 R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shut %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)# R1(config)#router ospf 1 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R1(config-router)#end R1# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console R1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 R1# R1# R1#show ip route //两台路由器配置好后的路由信息 Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0 O 192.168.4.0/24 [110/782] via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:15, Serial2/0 R1# R1#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R1(config)#ip ? access-list Named access-list default-network Flags networks as candidates for default routes dhcp Configure DHCP server and relay parameters domain IP DNS Resolver domain-lookup Enable IP Domain Name System hostname translation domain-name Define the default domain name forward-protocol Controls forwarding of physical and directed IP broadcasts host Add an entry to the ip hostname table name-server Specify address of name server to use nat NAT configuration commands route Establish static routes tcp Global TCP parameters R1(config)#ip ac R1(config)#ip access-list ? extended Extended Access List standard Standard Access List R1(config)#ip access-list sta R1(config)#ip access-list standard ? <1-99> Standard IP access-list number WORD Access-list name R1(config)#ip access-list standard david ? <cr> R1(config)#ip access-list standard david //配置名为david的IP标准访问控制列表 R1(config-std-nacl)#? default Set a command to its defaults deny Specify packets to reject exit Exit from access-list configuration mode no Negate a command or set its defaults permit Specify packets to forward remark Access list entry comment R1(config-std-nacl)#permit 192.168.1.0 ? A.B.C.D Wildcard bits <cr> R1(config-std-nacl)#permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 ? <cr> R1(config-std-nacl)#permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 //允许192.168.1.0网段通过 R1(config-std-nacl)#deny ? A.B.C.D Address to match any Any source host host A single host address R1(config-std-nacl)#deny 192.168.2.0 ? A.B.C.D Wildcard bits <cr> R1(config-std-nacl)#deny 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 ? <cr> R1(config-std-nacl)#deny 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 //禁止192.168.2.0网段通过 R1(config-std-nacl)#exit R1(config)#inter R1(config)#interface se2/0 R1(config-if)#? bandwidth Set bandwidth informational parameter cdp CDP interface subcommands clock Configure serial interface clock crypto Encryption/Decryption commands custom-queue-list Assign a custom queue list to an interface delay Specify interface throughput delay description Interface specific description encapsulation Set encapsulation type for an interface exit Exit from interface configuration mode fair-queue Enable Fair Queuing on an Interface frame-relay Set frame relay parameters hold-queue Set hold queue depth ip Interface Internet Protocol config commands keepalive Enable keepalive mtu Set the interface Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) no Negate a command or set its defaults ppp Point-to-Point Protocol priority-group Assign a priority group to an interface service-policy Configure QoS Service Policy shutdown Shutdown the selected interface tx-ring-limit Configure PA level transmit ring limit zone-member Apply zone name R1(config-if)#ip ? access-group Specify access control for packets address Set the IP address of an interface hello-interval Configures IP-EIGRP hello interval helper-address Specify a destination address for UDP broadcasts inspect Apply inspect name ips Create IPS rule mtu Set IP Maximum Transmission Unit nat NAT interface commands ospf OSPF interface commands split-horizon Perform split horizon summary-address Perform address summarization virtual-reassembly Virtual Reassembly R1(config-if)#ip ac R1(config-if)#ip access-group ? <1-199> IP access list (standard or extended) WORD Access-list name R1(config-if)#ip access-group david ? in inbound packets out outbound packets R1(config-if)#ip access-group david out ? <cr> R1(config-if)#ip access-group david out //将名为david的IP标准访问控制列表应用到se2/0端口 R1(config-if)#end R1# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console R1#show running-config Building configuration... Current configuration : 928 bytes ! version 12.2 no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service password-encryption ! hostname R1 ! ... ! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ! interface FastEthernet1/0 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ! interface Serial2/0 ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 ip access-group david out clock rate 64000 ! interface Serial3/0 no ip address shutdown ! interface FastEthernet4/0 no ip address shutdown ! interface FastEthernet5/0 no ip address shutdown ! router ospf 1 log-adjacency-changes network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 ! ip classless ! ! ip access-list standard david permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 deny 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 ! ... ! line con 0 line vty 0 4 login ! ! ! end R1#
R2:
Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#hostname R2 R2(config)#int fa0/0 R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shut %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R2(config-if)#exit R2(config)#int se2/0 R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shut %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up R2(config-if)#exit R2(config)#router ospf 1 R2(config-router)# %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up R2(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R2(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 00:11:23: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.3.1 on Serial2/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Do R2(config-router)#end R2# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console R2#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/782] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:09, Serial2/0 O 192.168.2.0/24 [110/782] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:09, Serial2/0 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0 C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 R2#
五、测试
PC1:
Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0 PC>ipconfig IP Address......................: 192.168.1.2 Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.1 PC>ping 192.168.4.2 //ACL前 Pinging 192.168.4.2 with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=9ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=126 Ping statistics for 192.168.4.2: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 9ms, Maximum = 15ms, Average = 13ms PC>ping 192.168.4.2 //ACL后 Pinging 192.168.4.2 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=9ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=13ms TTL=126 Ping statistics for 192.168.4.2: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 9ms, Maximum = 16ms, Average = 12ms PC>
PC2:
Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0 PC>ipconfig IP Address......................: 192.168.2.2 Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway.................: 192.168.2.1 PC>ping 192.168.4.2 //ACL前 Pinging 192.168.4.2 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=17ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=9ms TTL=126 Ping statistics for 192.168.4.2: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 9ms, Maximum = 17ms, Average = 11ms PC>ping 192.168.4.2 //ACL后 Pinging 192.168.4.2 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.2.1: Destination host unreachable. Reply from 192.168.2.1: Destination host unreachable. Reply from 192.168.2.1: Destination host unreachable. Reply from 192.168.2.1: Destination host unreachable. Ping statistics for 192.168.4.2: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), PC>
分类:
Network
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Packet Tracer,
标准IP访问控制列表,
ACL
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2012-07-20 22:18
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#1楼
2014-02-04 20:16
一块两毛五
实验十三怎么没有了
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楼主]
2014-02-07 09:30
David_Tang
@一块两毛五
有的吧!
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#3楼
2014-12-21 17:49
Jr简简单单
那财务部反过来ping销售部,貌似不通。。为啥。。。
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来源: <http://www.cnblogs.com/mchina/archive/2012/07/20/2601773.html>
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