用系统工具sxstrace检查缺少的VC运行时组件

在管理员运行的命令提示符中输入sxstrace获得如下帮助：

C:\>sxstrace
WinSxs Tracing Utility.
Usage: SxsTrace [Options]
Options:
Trace -logfile:FileName [-nostop]
Enabling tracing for sxs.
Tracing log is saved to FileName.
If -nostop is specified, will not prompt to stop tracing.
Parse -logfile:FileName -outfile:ParsedFile  [-filter:AppName]
Translate the raw trace file into a human readable format and save the result to ParsedFile.
Use -filter option to filter the output.
Stoptrace
Stop the trace if it is not stopped before.
Example:  SxsTrace Trace -logfile:SxsTrace.etl
SxsTrace Parse -logfile:SxsTrace.etl -outfile:SxsTrace.txt

选项：

Trace 开始跟踪，并生成跟踪日志文件。

Parse 解析跟踪日志文件为文本文件。

Stoptrace 停止跟踪。

使用方法：

1）在管理员运行的命令提示符里输入下面命令开始跟踪

C:\>sxstrace trace -logfile:sxstrace.etl
Tracing started. Trace will be saved to file sxstrace.etl.
Press Enter to stop tracing...

2）启动一个有问题的程序（这里以一个Thunder.exe为例）

=================
Begin Activation Context Generation.
Input Parameter:
Flags = 0
ProcessorArchitecture = Wow32
CultureFallBacks = en-US;en
ManifestPath = C:\Program Files (x86)\Thunder\Program\Thunder.exe
AssemblyDirectory = C:\Program Files (x86)\Thunder\Program\
Application Config File =
-----------------
INFO: Parsing Manifest File C:\Program Files (x86)\Thunder\Program\Thunder.exe.
INFO: Manifest Definition Identity is (null).
INFO: Reference: Microsoft.VC90.CRT,processorArchitecture="x86",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",version="9.0.21022.8"
INFO: Reference: Microsoft.VC90.ATL,processorArchitecture="x86",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",version="9.0.21022.8"
INFO: Resolving reference Microsoft.VC90.CRT,processorArchitecture="x86",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",version="9.0.21022.8".
INFO: Resolving reference for ProcessorArchitecture WOW64.
INFO: Resolving reference for culture Neutral.
INFO: Applying Binding Policy.
INFO: No publisher policy found.
INFO: No binding policy redirect found.
INFO: Begin assembly probing.
INFO: Did not find the assembly in WinSxS.
INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:\Windows\assembly\GAC_32\Microsoft.VC90.CRT\9.0.21022.8__1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b\Microsoft.VC90.CRT.DLL.
INFO: Did not find manifest for culture Neutral.
INFO: End assembly probing.
INFO: Resolving reference for ProcessorArchitecture x86.
INFO: Resolving reference for culture Neutral.
INFO: Applying Binding Policy.
INFO: Find publisher policy at C:\Windows\WinSxS\manifests\x86_policy.9.0.microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.9158_none_f47f259ef656232a.manifest
INFO: Publisher Policy redirected assembly version.
INFO: Post policy assembly identity is Microsoft.VC90.CRT,processorArchitecture="x86",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",version="9.0.30729.9158".
INFO: Begin assembly probing.
INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:\Windows\WinSxS\manifests\x86_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.9158_none_5091b51ebcb97cdc.manifest.
INFO: Manifest found at C:\Windows\WinSxS\manifests\x86_microsoft.vc90.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.9158_none_5091b51ebcb97cdc.manifest.
INFO: End assembly probing.
INFO: Resolving reference Microsoft.VC90.CRT.mui,language="*",processorArchitecture="x86",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",version="9.0.30729.9158".
INFO: Resolving reference for ProcessorArchitecture WOW64.
INFO: Resolving reference for culture en-US.
INFO: Applying Binding Policy.
INFO: No publisher policy found.
INFO: No binding policy redirect found.
INFO: Begin assembly probing.
INFO: Did not find the assembly in WinSxS.
INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:\Windows\assembly\GAC_32\Microsoft.VC90.CRT.mui\9.0.30729.9158_en-US_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b\Microsoft.VC90.CRT.mui.DLL.
INFO: Did not find manifest for culture en-US.
INFO: End assembly probing.
INFO: Resolving reference for culture en.
INFO: Applying Binding Policy.
INFO: No publisher policy found.
INFO: No binding policy redirect found.
INFO: Begin assembly probing.
INFO: Did not find the assembly in WinSxS.
INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:\Windows\assembly\GAC_32\Microsoft.VC90.CRT.mui\9.0.30729.9158_en_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b\Microsoft.VC90.CRT.mui.DLL.
INFO: Did not find manifest for culture en.
INFO: End assembly probing.
INFO: Resolving reference for ProcessorArchitecture x86.
INFO: Resolving reference for culture en-US.
INFO: Applying Binding Policy.
INFO: No publisher policy found.
INFO: No binding policy redirect found.
INFO: Begin assembly probing.
INFO: Did not find the assembly in WinSxS.
INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:\Windows\assembly\GAC_32\Microsoft.VC90.CRT.mui\9.0.30729.9158_en-US_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b\Microsoft.VC90.CRT.mui.DLL.
INFO: Did not find manifest for culture en-US.
INFO: End assembly probing.
INFO: Resolving reference for culture en.
INFO: Applying Binding Policy.
INFO: No publisher policy found.
INFO: No binding policy redirect found.
INFO: Begin assembly probing.
INFO: Did not find the assembly in WinSxS.
INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:\Windows\assembly\GAC_32\Microsoft.VC90.CRT.mui\9.0.30729.9158_en_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b\Microsoft.VC90.CRT.mui.DLL.
INFO: Did not find manifest for culture en.
INFO: End assembly probing.
INFO: Resolving reference Microsoft.VC90.ATL,processorArchitecture="x86",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",version="9.0.21022.8".
INFO: Resolving reference for ProcessorArchitecture WOW64.
INFO: Resolving reference for culture Neutral.
INFO: Applying Binding Policy.
INFO: No publisher policy found.
INFO: No binding policy redirect found.
INFO: Begin assembly probing.
INFO: Did not find the assembly in WinSxS.
INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:\Windows\assembly\GAC_32\Microsoft.VC90.ATL\9.0.21022.8__1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b\Microsoft.VC90.ATL.DLL.
INFO: Did not find manifest for culture Neutral.
INFO: End assembly probing.
INFO: Resolving reference for ProcessorArchitecture x86.
INFO: Resolving reference for culture Neutral.
INFO: Applying Binding Policy.
INFO: No publisher policy found.
INFO: No binding policy redirect found.
INFO: Begin assembly probing.
INFO: Did not find the assembly in WinSxS.
INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:\Windows\assembly\GAC_32\Microsoft.VC90.ATL\9.0.21022.8__1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b\Microsoft.VC90.ATL.DLL.
INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:\Program Files (x86)\Thunder\Program\Microsoft.VC90.ATL.DLL.
INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:\Program Files (x86)\Thunder\Program\Microsoft.VC90.ATL.MANIFEST.
INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:\Program Files (x86)\Thunder\Program\Microsoft.VC90.ATL\Microsoft.VC90.ATL.DLL.
INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:\Program Files (x86)\Thunder\Program\Microsoft.VC90.ATL\Microsoft.VC90.ATL.MANIFEST.
INFO: Did not find manifest for culture Neutral.
INFO: End assembly probing.
ERROR: Cannot resolve reference Microsoft.VC90.ATL,processorArchitecture="x86",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",version="9.0.21022.8".
ERROR: Activation Context generation failed.
End Activation Context Generation.

sxstrace.txt
搜索ERROR，发现错误描述：

ERROR: Cannot resolve reference Microsoft.VC90.ATL,processorArchitecture="x86",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",version="9.0.21022.8".
ERROR: Activation Context generation failed.

意思是缺少VC90运行库。然后去微软下载这个运行库安装就修复了运行库依赖问题了。

VC++运行时的所有版本：https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2977003

摘录如下：

Visual Studio 2013 (VC++ 12.0)
Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable Packages for Visual Studio 2013
http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=40784

Visual Studio 2012 (VC++ 11.0)
Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable Packages for Visual Studio 2012 Update 4
http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=30679

Visual Studio 2010 (VC++ 10.0) SP1
Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Service Pack 1 Redistributable Package MFC Security Update
http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=26999

Visual Studio 2008 (VC++ 9.0) SP1
Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Service Pack 1 Redistributable Package MFC Security Update
http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=26368

Visual Studio 2005 (VC++ 8.0) SP1
Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 Service Pack 1 Redistributable Package MFC Security Update
http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=26347

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