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如何更好的管理maven依赖包的版本

2015-06-13 09:47 375 查看
1、如果你的pom.xml 文件内有很多相同的groupId（这现象spring等大型框架非常常见），你应该用pom中的properties部分，然后引用它们。

比如：

<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
		<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
		<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
		<maven.compiler.showWarnings>true</maven.compiler.showWarnings>
		<maven.compiler.showDeprecation>true</maven.compiler.showDeprecation>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

		<commons-lang3.version>3.4</commons-lang3.version>
		<commons-io.version>2.4</commons-io.version>
		<commons-primitives.version>1.0</commons-primitives.version>

		<spring.version>4.1.6.RELEASE</spring.version>
		<spring-asm.version>3.1.4.RELEASE</spring-asm.version>
		<spring-security-web.version>4.0.0.RELEASE</spring-security-web.version>

		<cglib.verson>3.1</cglib.verson>

		<logback-classic.version>1.1.3</logback-classic.version>
		<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
		<slf4j-api.version>1.7.12</slf4j-api.version>

	</properties>


<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-framework-bom</artifactId>
				<version>${spring.version}</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.opencredo.esper</groupId>
			<artifactId>esper-template</artifactId>
			<version>2.1</version>
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>com.espertech</groupId>
					<artifactId>esper</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
					<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
					<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.espertech</groupId>
			<artifactId>esper</artifactId>
			<version>5.2.0</version>
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
					<groupId>log4j</groupId>
				</exclusion>
				<exclusion>
					<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
					<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
			<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
			<version>1.1.43</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
			<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
			<version>18.0</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
			<version>${commons-lang3.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
			<version>${commons-io.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-primitives</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-primitives</artifactId>
			<version>${commons-primitives.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
					<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-asm</artifactId>
			<version>${spring-asm.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
			<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
			<version>1.0.14</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>postgresql</groupId>
			<artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
			<version>9.1-901-1.jdbc4</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
			<version>${slf4j-api.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
			<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
			<version>${logback-classic.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
			<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
			<version>${logback-classic.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
			<version>${slf4j-api.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j-over-slf4j</artifactId>
			<version>${slf4j-api.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.11</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>

	</dependencies>


2、可视化观察依赖关系

现在的ide，比如spring官方的sts，就自带了可视化查看依赖。



我们也可以用maven dependency插件查看，

[doctor@localhost esper-2015]$ mvn dependency:tree
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]                                                                         
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building esper-2015 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-dependency-plugin:2.8:tree (default-cli) @ esper-2015 ---
[INFO] com.doctor:esper-2015:jar:1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] +- org.opencredo.esper:esper-template:jar:2.1:compile
[INFO] +- com.espertech:esper:jar:5.2.0:compile
[INFO] |  +- org.antlr:antlr4-runtime:jar:4.1:compile
[INFO] |  |  \- org.abego.treelayout:org.abego.treelayout.core:jar:1.0.1:compile
[INFO] |  \- cglib:cglib-nodep:jar:3.1:compile
[INFO] +- com.alibaba:fastjson:jar:1.1.43:compile
[INFO] +- com.google.guava:guava:jar:18.0:compile
[INFO] +- org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:jar:3.4:compile
[INFO] +- commons-io:commons-io:jar:2.4:compile
[INFO] +- commons-primitives:commons-primitives:jar:1.0:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-context:jar:4.1.6.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  +- org.springframework:spring-aop:jar:4.1.6.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  |  \- aopalliance:aopalliance:jar:1.0:compile
[INFO] |  +- org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:4.1.6.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  +- org.springframework:spring-core:jar:4.1.6.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  \- org.springframework:spring-expression:jar:4.1.6.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-context-support:jar:4.1.6.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-aspects:jar:4.1.6.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  \- org.aspectj:aspectjweaver:jar:1.8.5:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-asm:jar:3.1.4.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] +- com.alibaba:druid:jar:1.0.14:compile
[INFO] |  +- com.alibaba:jconsole:jar:1.8.0:system
[INFO] |  \- com.alibaba:tools:jar:1.8.0:system
[INFO] +- postgresql:postgresql:jar:9.1-901-1.jdbc4:compile
[INFO] +- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.7.12:compile
[INFO] +- ch.qos.logback:logback-classic:jar:1.1.3:compile
[INFO] +- ch.qos.logback:logback-core:jar:1.1.3:compile
[INFO] +- org.slf4j:jcl-over-slf4j:jar:1.7.12:compile
[INFO] +- org.slf4j:log4j-over-slf4j:jar:1.7.12:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-test:jar:4.1.6.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] \- junit:junit:jar:4.11:test
[INFO]    \- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:jar:1.3:test
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1.904 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2015-06-13T09:55:09+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 15M/205M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[doctor@localhost esper-2015]$


上面都可以观察依赖，主要解决jar包依赖冲突现象。排除低版本的jar本。sts支持可视化管理排除。

传递性依赖我们可以用, exclusions and optional aven either by the depending 排除。
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