HIVE快速入门

（一）简单入门

1、创建一个表

create table if not exists ljh_emp(

name string,

salary float,

gender string)

comment 'basic information of a employee'

row format delimited fields terminated by ',’;

2、准备数据文件

创建test目录且目录只有一个文件，文件内容如下：

ljh,25000,male

jediael,25000,male

llq,15000,female

3、将数据导入表中

load data local inpath '/home/ljhn1829/test' into table ljh_emp;

4、查询表中的内容

select * from ljh_emp;

OK

ljh 25000.0 male

jediael 25000.0 male

llq 15000.0 female

Time taken: 0.159 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)

（二）关于分隔符

1、默认分隔符

hive中的行默认分隔符为 \n，字段分隔符为 ctrl+A，此外还有ctrl+B，ctrl+C，可以用于分隔array,struct,map等，详见《hive编程指南》P44。

因此，若在建表是不指定row format delimited fields terminated by ‘,’，则认为默认字段分隔符为ctrl+A。

可以有2种解决方案：

一是在创建表时指定分隔符，如上例所示，

二是在数据文件中使用ctrl+A，见下例

2、在数据文件中使用ctrl+A全分隔符

（1）创建表

create table ljh_test_emp(name string, salary float, gender string);

（2）准备数据文件

创建test2目录，目录下只有一个文件，文件内容如下：

ljh^A25000^Amale

jediael^A25000^Amale

llq^A15000^Afemale

其中的^A字符仅在vi时才能看到，cat不能看到。

输出^A的方法是：在vi的插入模式下，先按ctrl+V，再按ctrl+A

（3）将数据导入表

create table ljh_test_emp(name string, salary float, gender string);

（4）查询数据

hive> select * from ljh_test_emp;

OK

ljh 25000.0 male

jediael 25000.0 male

llq 15000.0 female

Time taken: 0.2 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)

3、未指定分隔符，且又未使用ctrl+A作文件中的分隔符，出现以下错误

(1)创建表

create table if not exists ljh_emp_test(

name string,

salary float,

gender string)

comment 'basic information of a employee’;

（2）准备数据

ljh,25000,male

jediael,25000,male

llq,15000,female

（3）将数据导入表中

load data local inpath '/home/ljhn1829/test' into table ljh_emp_test;

（4）查看表中数据

select * from ljh_emp_test;

OK

ljh,25000,male NULL NULL

jediael,25000,male NULL NULL

llq,15000,female NULL NULL

Time taken: 0.185 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)

可以看出，由于分隔符为ctrl+A，因此导入数据时将文件中的每一行内容均只当作第一个字段，导致后面2个字段均为null。

（三）复杂一点的表

1、创建表

create table employees (

name string,

slalary float,

suboddinates array<string>,

deductions map<string,float>,

address struct<stree:string, city:string, state:string, zip:int>

)

partitioned by(country string, state string);

2、准备数据

John Doe^A100001.1^AMary Smith^BTodd Jones^AFederal Taxes^C.2^BStateTaxes^C.05^BInsurance^C.1^A1 Michigan Ave.^BChicago^BIL^B60600

Mary Smith^A80000.0^ABill King^AFederal Taxes^C.2^BState Taxes^C.05^BInsurance^C.1^A100 Ontario St.^BChicago^BIL^B60601

Todd Jones^A70000.0^A^AFederal Taxes^C.15^BState Taxes^C.03^BInsurance^C.1^A200 Chicago Ave.^BOak Park^BIL^B60700

Bill King^A60001.0^A^AFederal Taxes^C.15^BState Taxes^C.03^BInsurance^C.1^A300 Obscure Dr.^BObscuria^BIL^B60100

注意 ^A：分隔字段 ^B：分隔array/struct/map中的元素 ^C：分隔map中的KV

详见《hive编程指南》P44。

3、将数据导入表中

load data local inpath '/home/ljhn1829/phd' into table employees partition(country='us',state='ca');

4、查看表数据

hive> select * from employees;

OK

John Doe 100001.1 ["Mary Smith","Todd Jones"] {"Federal Taxes":0.2,"StateTaxes":0.05,"Insurance":0.1} {"stree":"1 Michigan Ave.","city":"Chicago","state":"IL","zip":60600} us ca

Mary Smith 80000.0 ["Bill King"] {"Federal Taxes":0.2,"State Taxes":0.05,"Insurance":0.1} {"stree":"100 Ontario St.","city":"Chicago","state":"IL","zip":60601} us ca

Todd Jones 70000.0 [] {"Federal Taxes":0.15,"State Taxes":0.03,"Insurance":0.1} {"stree":"200 Chicago Ave.","city":"Oak Park","state":"IL","zip":60700} us ca

Bill King 60001.0 [] {"Federal Taxes":0.15,"State Taxes":0.03,"Insurance":0.1} {"stree":"300 Obscure Dr.","city":"Obscuria","state":"IL","zip":60100} us ca

Time taken: 0.312 seconds, Fetched: 4 row(s)

5、查看hdfs中的文件

hadoop fs -ls /data/gamein/g4_us/meta/employees/country=us/state=ca

Found 1 items

-rwxr-x--- 3 ljhn1829 g4_us 428 2015-05-12 12:49 /data/gamein/g4_us/meta/employees/country=us/state=ca/progamming_hive_data.txt

该文件中的内容与原有文件一致。

（四）通过select子句插入数据

1、创建表

create table employees2 (

name string,

slalary float,

suboddinates array<string>,

deductions map<string,float>,

address struct<stree:string, city:string, state:string, zip:int>

)

partitioned by(country string, state string);

2、插入数据

hive> set hive.exec.dynamic.partition.mode=nonstrict;

否则会出现以下异常：

FAILED: SemanticException [Error 10096]: Dynamic partition strict mode requires at least one static partition column. To turn this off set hive.exec.dynamic.partition.mode=nonstrict

insert into table employees2

partition (country,state)

select name,slalary,suboddinates,deductions,address, e.country, e.state

from employees e;