android （13） Fragment使用下

一.Fragment使用：

要在你的activity中管理Fragment，需要使用FragmentManager，可以通过getFragmentManager()，这里注意要是在v4包要用getSupportFragmentManager()方法。

FragmentManager可以开一个事物调用beginTransaction()方法返回FragmentTransaction对象，这是我们可以用FragmentTransaction去执行删除增加Fragment的一些操作：

(1).add():往activity添加一个Fragment。

(2).remove():从Activity移除一个Fragment，当这个Fragment没有添加进回退栈，则会被销毁。当添加进入回退栈之后则会销毁视图层，在显示这个Fragment则会调用onDestoryView和onCreateView。

(3).replace():使用另一个Fragment替换当前的Fragment，也就是remove操作和add合体执行。

(4).hide():隐藏当前的Fragment，仅仅是设为不可见，并不会销毁。

(5).show():显示之前隐藏的Fragment。

(6).detach():会将view从UI中移除,和remove()不同,此时fragment的状态依然由FragmentManager维护。

(7).attach():重建view视图，附加到UI上并显示。

(8).addToBackStack():添加Fragment事务到回退栈中。传null表示当前Fragment。

(9).commit():提交事务。

注意当以使用了add添加Fragment之后，你仅仅是想隐藏Fragment，而且保持当前Fragment输入的数据，你只需要用hide(),如果你不想用户在看到数据，直接使用replace()比使用add()在remove()方便的多。

二.如何使用回退栈保持数据：

实现效果，当进入第一个Fragment后点击改变文字按钮，会把显示在屏幕中央的TextView内容改变，然后点击进入第二个Fragment，在点击返回按钮，屏幕中央的TextView内容会还原成未改变前的，这就是说明了退回栈把Fragment的视图销毁了，但是实例并没有销毁，如果你想要不把数据也销毁，则就像上面说的使用hide()和show().

图片就不上传了，大家可是自行测试源码（要源码留下邮箱，这个是在上篇文章基础上修改的）：

主Activity：

public class MainActivity extends Activity  {
RelativeLayout r1;
RelativeLayout r2;
RelativeLayout r3;
RelativeLayout view = null;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.bottom_layout);

r1 = (RelativeLayout) findViewById(R.id.layout1);
r2 = (RelativeLayout) findViewById(R.id.layout2);
r3 = (RelativeLayout) findViewById(R.id.layout3);

setDefaultFragment();
}
private void setDefaultFragment() {
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
MyFragment my = new MyFragment();
transaction.add(R.id.frame_layout1, my,"ONE");
transaction.addToBackStack(null);
transaction.commit();
}

}

Fragment1：

public class MyFragment extends Fragment implements OnClickListener {

private Button button1;
private Button button2;
private TextView textView1;

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
System.out.println("onCreateView");
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_1, container, false);
button1 = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.button1);
button1.setOnClickListener(this);
button2 = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.button2);
button2.setOnClickListener(this);
textView1 = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.textView1);
return view;
}

@Override
public void onClick(View arg0) {
switch (arg0.getId()) {
case R.id.button1:
textView1.append("哈");
break;
case R.id.button2:
MyFragment2 f2 = new MyFragment2();
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction tx = fm.beginTransaction();
tx.replace(R.id.frame_layout1, f2, "TWO");
tx.addToBackStack(null);
tx.commit();
break;
}
}

}

Fragment2：

public class MyFragment2 extends Fragment implements OnClickListener {
private Button button1;
private Button button2;
private TextView textView1;

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
System.out.println("onCreateView");
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_2, container, false);
button1 = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.button11);
button1.setOnClickListener(this);
button2 = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.button21);
button2.setOnClickListener(this);
textView1 = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.textView2);
return view;
}

@Override
public void onClick(View arg0) {
switch (arg0.getId()) {
case R.id.button11:
textView1.append("哈");
break;
case R.id.button21:
MyFragment3 f3 = new MyFragment3();
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction tx = fm.beginTransaction();
tx.hide(this);
tx.add(R.id.frame_layout1, f3, "THREE");
// tx.replace(R.id.id_content, fThree, "THREE");
tx.addToBackStack(null);
tx.commit();
break;
}
}

}

Fragment1布局：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >

<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:text="第一个页面" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/button1"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:text="改变文字" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/button2"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:layout_below="@id/button1"
android:text="跳转第二个界面" />

</RelativeLayout>

Fragment3：

public class MyFragment3 extends Fragment{
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_3, container, false);
}
}

这样就ok了。

三.Activity与Fragment之间的回调：

因为要考虑Fragment的重复使用，所以必须降低Fragment与Activity的耦合，而且Fragment更不应该直接操作别的Fragment，毕竟Fragment操作应该由它的管理者Activity来决定。

就用上边的例子，第一种回调：

public class MyFragment extends Fragment implements OnClickListener {

private Button button1;
private Button button2;
private TextView textView1;

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
System.out.println("onCreateView");
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_1, container, false);
button1 = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.button1);
button1.setOnClickListener(this);
button2 = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.button2);
button2.setOnClickListener(this);
textView1 = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.textView1);
return view;
}

public interface MyFragmentOneClick{
void onMyOneBtnClick();
}

@Override
public void onClick(View arg0) {
switch (arg0.getId()) {
case R.id.button1:
textView1.append("哈");
break;
case R.id.button2:
//第一种回调方式
if (getActivity() instanceof MyFragmentOneClick)
{
((MyFragmentOneClick) getActivity()).onMyOneBtnClick();
}
break;
}
}

}

第二种回调：

public class MyFragment2 extends Fragment implements OnClickListener {
private Button button1;
private Button button2;
private TextView textView1;
private MyFragmentTwoClick myFragmentTwoClick ;
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
System.out.println("onCreateView");
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_2, container, false);
button1 = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.button11);
button1.setOnClickListener(this);
button2 = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.button21);
button2.setOnClickListener(this);
textView1 = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.textView2);
return view;
}

public interface MyFragmentTwoClick{
void onMyTwoBtnClick();
}

//第二种回调方式，设置回调接口
public void setMyTwoBtnClickListener(MyFragmentTwoClick myFragmentTwoClick)
{
this.myFragmentTwoClick = myFragmentTwoClick;
}
@Override
public void onClick(View arg0) {
switch (arg0.getId()) {
case R.id.button11:
textView1.append("哈");
break;
case R.id.button21:
if(myFragmentTwoClick != null)
{
myFragmentTwoClick.onMyTwoBtnClick();
}
break;
}
}

}

主Activity实现：

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements MyFragmentOneClick,MyFragmentTwoClick {
RelativeLayout r1;
RelativeLayout r2;
RelativeLayout r3;
RelativeLayout view = null;
MyFragment f1;
MyFragment2 f2 ;
MyFragment3 f3;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.bottom_layout);

r1 = (RelativeLayout) findViewById(R.id.layout1);
r2 = (RelativeLayout) findViewById(R.id.layout2);
r3 = (RelativeLayout) findViewById(R.id.layout3);

setDefaultFragment();
}
private void setDefaultFragment() {
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
f1 = new MyFragment();
transaction.add(R.id.frame_layout1, f1,"ONE");
transaction.addToBackStack(null);
transaction.commit();
}

@Override
public void onMyOneBtnClick() {

if (f2 == null)
{
f2 = new MyFragment2();
f2.setMyTwoBtnClickListener(this);
}
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction tx = fm.beginTransaction();
tx.replace(R.id.frame_layout1, f2, "TWO");
tx.addToBackStack(null);
tx.commit();
}
@Override
public void onMyTwoBtnClick() {
if (f3 == null)
{
f3 = new MyFragment3();

}
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction tx = fm.beginTransaction();
tx.hide(f2);
tx.add(R.id.frame_layout1, f3, "THREE");
tx.addToBackStack(null);
tx.commit();
}

}

这样也实现了上述的功能。