CentOS7下mysql安装

CentOS7下安装MySQL

--下载mysql
http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/ http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
一。准备工作

--下载后文件

MySQL-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

--新建文件夹

mkdir /home/www/tar

mkdir /home/www/rpm

--上传文件至rpm包下解压

tar -xvf MySQL-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

...

MySQL-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

MySQL-client-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-devel-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-embedded-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-server-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-shared-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-test-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm

--把tar文件移至/home/www/tar

mv MySQL-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar /home/www/tar

二、开始安装

--开始安装(其中，v表示显示详细安装信息，h表示显示用#表示安装进度)

rpm -ivh MySQL-*

--看到如下信息已安装成功

A RANDOM PASSWORD HAS BEEN SET FOR THE MySQL root USER !

You will find that password in '/root/.mysql_secret'.

...

...

New default config file was created as /usr/my.cnf and

will be used by default by the server when you start it.

You may edit this file to change server settings

备注：最新版的MySQL将随机生成一个root用户的密码，放在/root/.mysql_secret 文件中

--查看端口(默认3306)

[root@localhost init.d]# netstat -nat

Active Internet connections (servers and established)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3690 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 192.168.1.110:22 192.168.1.119:50608 ESTABLISHED

tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN

tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN

三、安装位置

用RPM进行安装的时候，MySQL下的子目录被分散开，分别放在了以下几个目录下：

/etc/logrotate.d/mysql

/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql // mysql启动配置脚本，其中只有一个叫mysql的可执行文件 与mysql有关

/var/lib/mysql // Mysql中的数据库存放目录

/var/lock/subsys/mysql

/usr/lib/mysql // 该文件夹下是mysql链接库

/usr/include/mysql // mysql 头文件

/usr/share/mysql // mysql 安装目录

/usr/bin // 其中有mysql的多个可执行程序，如mysql、mysql_config_editor、mysqlcheck、mysqladmin等

四、mysql停止与重启

/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart

/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql stop

/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql start

五、错误排查

[root@localhost rpm]# mysql -uroot

--出现问题

(1)报错：ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

--停止服务

/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql stop

--安全模式进入mysql

[root@localhost rpm]# mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &

[root@localhost rpm]# mysql -u root mysql

--更改用户名

mysql> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('root') where User='root';

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

mysql> quit

[root@localhost rpm]# mysql -uroot -p

mysql> show databases；

(2)报错：ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must SET PASSWORD before executing this statement

--重新设置root密码

mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('root');

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases；

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| test |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

(3)navicat报错：Host '192.168.1.*' is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server

原因：mysql下user表中不允许外部链接

--临时把端口加入防火墙

firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp

systemctl restart firewalld.service

--更改host

[root@localhost rpm]# mysql -uroot -p

mysql> use mysql

mysql> select host, user from user;

+-----------------------+------+

| host | user |

+-----------------------+------+

| 127.0.0.1 | root |

| ::1 | root |

| localhost | root |

| localhost.localdomain | root |

+-----------------------+------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

--更改localhost为%

mysql> update user set host = '%' where host='localhost';

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

mysql> select host, user from user;

+-----------------------+------+

| host | user |

+-----------------------+------+

| % | root |

| 127.0.0.1 | root |

| ::1 | root |

| localhost.localdomain | root |

+-----------------------+------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

--重启mysql服务

/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart

至此mysql已可以正常使用！

六、开机启动

使用命令：sbin/chkconfig --list，查看启动项

使用命令：sbin/chkconfig --add mysql，将mysql添加到开机启动项中：

使用命令：sbin/chkconfig --del mysql，将mysql从开机启动项中删除：