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最简单的基于FFmpeg的AVDevice例子(屏幕录制)

2015-05-26 12:35 513 查看
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最简单的基于FFmpeg的AVDevice例子文章列表:

最简单的基于FFmpeg的AVDevice例子(读取摄像头)

最简单的基于FFmpeg的AVDevice例子(屏幕录制)

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FFmpeg中有一个和多媒体设备交互的类库:Libavdevice。使用这个库可以读取电脑的多媒体设备的数据,或者输出数据到指定的多媒体设备上。

计划写2个有关FFmpeg的libavdevice类库的例子。上篇文章记录了一个基于FFmpeg的Libavdevice类库读取摄像头数据的例子。本篇文章记录一个基于FFmpeg的Libavdevice类库录制屏幕的例子。本文程序录制当前桌面内容并且解码显示出来。有关解码显示方面的代码本文不再详述,可以参考文章:

100行代码实现最简单的基于FFMPEG+SDL的视频播放器(SDL1.x)


抓屏方法

上篇文章记录了libavdevice的使用方法,本文不再重复。在Windows系统使用libavdevice抓取屏幕数据有两种方法:gdigrab和dshow。下文分别介绍。

1. gdigrab

gdigrab是FFmpeg专门用于抓取Windows桌面的设备。非常适合用于屏幕录制。它通过不同的输入URL支持两种方式的抓取:

(1)“desktop”:抓取整张桌面。或者抓取桌面中的一个特定的区域。

(2)“title={窗口名称}”:抓取屏幕中特定的一个窗口(目前中文窗口还有乱码问题)。

gdigrab另外还支持一些参数,用于设定抓屏的位置:

offset_x:抓屏起始点横坐标。

offset_y:抓屏起始点纵坐标。

video_size:抓屏的大小。

framerate:抓屏的帧率。

参考的代码如下:

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//Use gdigrab

AVDictionary* options = NULL;

//Set some options

//grabbing frame rate

//av_dict_set(&options,"framerate","5",0);

//The distance from the left edge of the screen or desktop

//av_dict_set(&options,"offset_x","20",0);

//The distance from the top edge of the screen or desktop

//av_dict_set(&options,"offset_y","40",0);

//Video frame size. The default is to capture the full screen

//av_dict_set(&options,"video_size","640x480",0);

AVInputFormat *ifmt=av_find_input_format("gdigrab");

if(avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,"desktop",ifmt,&options)!=0){

printf("Couldn't open input stream.(无法打开输入流)\n");

return -1;

}

2. dshow

使用dshow抓屏需要安装抓屏软件:screen-capture-recorder

软件地址:http://sourceforge.net/projects/screencapturer/

下载软件安装完成后,可以指定dshow的输入设备为“screen-capture-recorder”即可。有关dshow设备的使用方法在上一篇文章中已经有详细叙述,这里不再重复。参考的代码如下:

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AVInputFormat *ifmt=av_find_input_format("dshow");

if(avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,"video=screen-capture-recorder",ifmt,NULL)!=0){

printf("Couldn't open input stream.(无法打开输入流)\n");

return -1;

}

注:上述两种抓屏方法也可以直接使用ffmpeg.exe的命令行完成,可以参考文章:

FFmpeg获取DirectShow设备数据(摄像头,录屏)

在Linux下可以使用x11grab抓屏,在MacOS下可以使用avfoundation抓屏,在这里不再详细叙述。


代码

下面直接贴上程序代码:

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/**

* 最简单的基于FFmpeg的AVDevice例子(屏幕录制)

* Simplest FFmpeg Device (Screen Capture)

*

* 雷霄骅 Lei Xiaohua

* leixiaohua1020@126.com

* 中国传媒大学/数字电视技术

* Communication University of China / Digital TV Technology

* http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020
*

* 本程序实现了屏幕录制功能。可以录制并播放桌面数据。是基于FFmpeg

* 的libavdevice类库最简单的例子。通过该例子,可以学习FFmpeg中

* libavdevice类库的使用方法。

* 本程序在Windows下可以使用2种方式录制屏幕:

* 1.gdigrab: Win32下的基于GDI的屏幕录制设备。

* 抓取桌面的时候,输入URL为“desktop”。

* 2.dshow: 使用Directshow。注意需要安装额外的软件screen-capture-recorder

* 在Linux下可以使用x11grab录制屏幕。

* 在MacOS下可以使用avfoundation录制屏幕。

*

* This software capture screen of computer. It's the simplest example

* about usage of FFmpeg's libavdevice Library.

* It's suiltable for the beginner of FFmpeg.

* This software support 2 methods to capture screen in Microsoft Windows:

* 1.gdigrab: Win32 GDI-based screen capture device.

* Input URL in avformat_open_input() is "desktop".

* 2.dshow: Use Directshow. Need to install screen-capture-recorder.

* It use x11grab to capture screen in Linux.

* It use avfoundation to capture screen in MacOS.

*/

#include <stdio.h>

#define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS

#ifdef _WIN32

//Windows

extern "C"

{

#include "libavcodec/avcodec.h"

#include "libavformat/avformat.h"

#include "libswscale/swscale.h"

#include "libavdevice/avdevice.h"

#include "SDL/SDL.h"

};

#else

//Linux...

#ifdef __cplusplus

extern "C"

{

#endif

#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>

#include <libavformat/avformat.h>

#include <libswscale/swscale.h>

#include <libavdevice/avdevice.h>

#include <SDL/SDL.h>

#ifdef __cplusplus

};

#endif

#endif

//Output YUV420P

#define OUTPUT_YUV420P 0

//'1' Use Dshow

//'0' Use GDIgrab

#define USE_DSHOW 0

//Refresh Event

#define SFM_REFRESH_EVENT (SDL_USEREVENT + 1)

int thread_exit=0;

int sfp_refresh_thread(void *opaque)

{

while (thread_exit==0) {

SDL_Event event;

event.type = SFM_REFRESH_EVENT;

SDL_PushEvent(&event);

SDL_Delay(40);

}

return 0;

}

//Show Dshow Device

void show_dshow_device(){

AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx = avformat_alloc_context();

AVDictionary* options = NULL;

av_dict_set(&options,"list_devices","true",0);

AVInputFormat *iformat = av_find_input_format("dshow");

printf("========Device Info=============\n");

avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,"video=dummy",iformat,&options);

printf("================================\n");

}

//Show AVFoundation Device

void show_avfoundation_device(){

AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx = avformat_alloc_context();

AVDictionary* options = NULL;

av_dict_set(&options,"list_devices","true",0);

AVInputFormat *iformat = av_find_input_format("avfoundation");

printf("==AVFoundation Device Info===\n");

avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,"",iformat,&options);

printf("=============================\n");

}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])

{

AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx;

int i, videoindex;

AVCodecContext *pCodecCtx;

AVCodec *pCodec;

av_register_all();

avformat_network_init();

pFormatCtx = avformat_alloc_context();

//Open File

//char filepath[]="src01_480x272_22.h265";

//avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,filepath,NULL,NULL)

//Register Device

avdevice_register_all();

//Windows

#ifdef _WIN32

#if USE_DSHOW

//Use dshow

//

//Need to Install screen-capture-recorder

//screen-capture-recorder

//Website: http://sourceforge.net/projects/screencapturer/
//

AVInputFormat *ifmt=av_find_input_format("dshow");

if(avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,"video=screen-capture-recorder",ifmt,NULL)!=0){

printf("Couldn't open input stream.\n");

return -1;

}

#else

//Use gdigrab

AVDictionary* options = NULL;

//Set some options

//grabbing frame rate

//av_dict_set(&options,"framerate","5",0);

//The distance from the left edge of the screen or desktop

//av_dict_set(&options,"offset_x","20",0);

//The distance from the top edge of the screen or desktop

//av_dict_set(&options,"offset_y","40",0);

//Video frame size. The default is to capture the full screen

//av_dict_set(&options,"video_size","640x480",0);

AVInputFormat *ifmt=av_find_input_format("gdigrab");

if(avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,"desktop",ifmt,&options)!=0){

printf("Couldn't open input stream.\n");

return -1;

}

#endif

#elif defined linux

//Linux

AVDictionary* options = NULL;

//Set some options

//grabbing frame rate

//av_dict_set(&options,"framerate","5",0);

//Make the grabbed area follow the mouse

//av_dict_set(&options,"follow_mouse","centered",0);

//Video frame size. The default is to capture the full screen

//av_dict_set(&options,"video_size","640x480",0);

AVInputFormat *ifmt=av_find_input_format("x11grab");

//Grab at position 10,20

if(avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,":0.0+10,20",ifmt,&options)!=0){

printf("Couldn't open input stream.\n");

return -1;

}

#else

show_avfoundation_device();

//Mac

AVInputFormat *ifmt=av_find_input_format("avfoundation");

//Avfoundation

//[video]:[audio]

if(avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,"1",ifmt,NULL)!=0){

printf("Couldn't open input stream.\n");

return -1;

}

#endif

if(avformat_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx,NULL)<0)

{

printf("Couldn't find stream information.\n");

return -1;

}

videoindex=-1;

for(i=0; i<pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i++)

if(pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type==AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)

{

videoindex=i;

break;

}

if(videoindex==-1)

{

printf("Didn't find a video stream.\n");

return -1;

}

pCodecCtx=pFormatCtx->streams[videoindex]->codec;

pCodec=avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id);

if(pCodec==NULL)

{

printf("Codec not found.\n");

return -1;

}

if(avcodec_open2(pCodecCtx, pCodec,NULL)<0)

{

printf("Could not open codec.\n");

return -1;

}

AVFrame *pFrame,*pFrameYUV;

pFrame=av_frame_alloc();

pFrameYUV=av_frame_alloc();

//uint8_t *out_buffer=(uint8_t *)av_malloc(avpicture_get_size(PIX_FMT_YUV420P, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height));

//avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)pFrameYUV, out_buffer, PIX_FMT_YUV420P, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);

//SDL----------------------------

if(SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO | SDL_INIT_AUDIO | SDL_INIT_TIMER)) {

printf( "Could not initialize SDL - %s\n", SDL_GetError());

return -1;

}

int screen_w=640,screen_h=360;

const SDL_VideoInfo *vi = SDL_GetVideoInfo();

//Half of the Desktop's width and height.

screen_w = vi->current_w/2;

screen_h = vi->current_h/2;

SDL_Surface *screen;

screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(screen_w, screen_h, 0,0);

if(!screen) {

printf("SDL: could not set video mode - exiting:%s\n",SDL_GetError());

return -1;

}

SDL_Overlay *bmp;

bmp = SDL_CreateYUVOverlay(pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height,SDL_YV12_OVERLAY, screen);

SDL_Rect rect;

rect.x = 0;

rect.y = 0;

rect.w = screen_w;

rect.h = screen_h;

//SDL End------------------------

int ret, got_picture;

AVPacket *packet=(AVPacket *)av_malloc(sizeof(AVPacket));

#if OUTPUT_YUV420P

FILE *fp_yuv=fopen("output.yuv","wb+");

#endif

struct SwsContext *img_convert_ctx;

img_convert_ctx = sws_getContext(pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, pCodecCtx->pix_fmt, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, PIX_FMT_YUV420P, SWS_BICUBIC, NULL, NULL, NULL);

//------------------------------

SDL_Thread *video_tid = SDL_CreateThread(sfp_refresh_thread,NULL);

//

SDL_WM_SetCaption("Simplest FFmpeg Grab Desktop",NULL);

//Event Loop

SDL_Event event;

for (;;) {

//Wait

SDL_WaitEvent(&event);

if(event.type==SFM_REFRESH_EVENT){

//------------------------------

if(av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, packet)>=0){

if(packet->stream_index==videoindex){

ret = avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, &got_picture, packet);

if(ret < 0){

printf("Decode Error.\n");

return -1;

}

if(got_picture){

SDL_LockYUVOverlay(bmp);

pFrameYUV->data[0]=bmp->pixels[0];

pFrameYUV->data[1]=bmp->pixels[2];

pFrameYUV->data[2]=bmp->pixels[1];

pFrameYUV->linesize[0]=bmp->pitches[0];

pFrameYUV->linesize[1]=bmp->pitches[2];

pFrameYUV->linesize[2]=bmp->pitches[1];

sws_scale(img_convert_ctx, (const uint8_t* const*)pFrame->data, pFrame->linesize, 0, pCodecCtx->height, pFrameYUV->data, pFrameYUV->linesize);

#if OUTPUT_YUV420P

int y_size=pCodecCtx->width*pCodecCtx->height;

fwrite(pFrameYUV->data[0],1,y_size,fp_yuv); //Y

fwrite(pFrameYUV->data[1],1,y_size/4,fp_yuv); //U

fwrite(pFrameYUV->data[2],1,y_size/4,fp_yuv); //V

#endif

SDL_UnlockYUVOverlay(bmp);

SDL_DisplayYUVOverlay(bmp, &rect);

}

}

av_free_packet(packet);

}else{

//Exit Thread

thread_exit=1;

break;

}

}else if(event.type==SDL_QUIT){

thread_exit=1;

break;

}

}

sws_freeContext(img_convert_ctx);

#if OUTPUT_YUV420P

fclose(fp_yuv);

#endif

SDL_Quit();

//av_free(out_buffer);

av_free(pFrameYUV);

avcodec_close(pCodecCtx);

avformat_close_input(&pFormatCtx);

return 0;

}


结果

程序的运行效果如下。这个运行结果还是十分有趣的,会出现一个屏幕“嵌套”在另一个屏幕里面的现象,环环相套。



可以通过代码定义的宏来确定是否将解码后的YUV420P数据输出成文件:

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#define OUTPUT_YUV420P 0

可以通过下面的宏定义来确定使用GDIGrab或者是Dshow打开摄像头:

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//'1' Use Dshow

//'0' Use GDIgrab

#define USE_DSHOW 0



下载

Simplest FFmpeg Device

项目主页

SourceForge:https://sourceforge.net/projects/simplestffmpegdevice/

Github:https://github.com/leixiaohua1020/simplest_ffmpeg_device

开源中国:http://git.oschina.net/leixiaohua1020/simplest_ffmpeg_device

CSDN下载地址:

http://download.csdn.net/detail/leixiaohua1020/7994049

注:

本工程包含两个基于FFmpeg的libavdevice的例子:

simplest_ffmpeg_grabdesktop:屏幕录制。

simplest_ffmpeg_readcamera:读取摄像头

更新-1.1(2015.1.9)=========================================

该版本中,修改了SDL的显示方式,弹出的窗口可以移动了。

CSDN下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/leixiaohua1020/8344695

更新-1.2 (2015.2.13)=========================================

这次考虑到了跨平台的要求,调整了源代码。经过这次调整之后,源代码可以在以下平台编译通过:

VC++:打开sln文件即可编译,无需配置。

cl.exe:打开compile_cl.bat即可命令行下使用cl.exe进行编译,注意可能需要按照VC的安装路径调整脚本里面的参数。编译命令如下。

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::VS2010 Environment

call "D:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat"

::include

@set INCLUDE=include;%INCLUDE%

::lib

@set LIB=lib;%LIB%

::compile and link

cl simplest_ffmpeg_grabdesktop.cpp /MD /link SDL.lib SDLmain.lib avcodec.lib ^

avformat.lib avutil.lib avdevice.lib avfilter.lib postproc.lib swresample.lib swscale.lib ^

/SUBSYSTEM:WINDOWS /OPT:NOREF

MinGW:MinGW命令行下运行compile_mingw.sh即可使用MinGW的g++进行编译。编译命令如下。

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g++ simplest_ffmpeg_grabdesktop.cpp -g -o simplest_ffmpeg_grabdesktop.exe \

-I /usr/local/include -L /usr/local/lib \

-lmingw32 -lSDLmain -lSDL -lavformat -lavcodec -lavutil -lavdevice -lswscale

GCC(Linux):Linux命令行下运行compile_gcc.sh即可使用GCC进行编译。编译命令如下。

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gcc simplest_ffmpeg_grabdesktop.cpp -g -o simplest_ffmpeg_grabdesktop.out \

-I /usr/local/include -L /usr/local/lib -lSDLmain -lSDL -lavformat -lavcodec -lavutil -lavdevice -lswscale

GCC(MacOS):MacOS命令行下运行compile_gcc_mac.sh即可使用GCC进行编译。Mac的GCC和Linux的GCC差别不大,但是使用SDL1.2的时候,必须加上“-framework Cocoa”参数,否则编译无法通过。编译命令如下。

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gcc simplest_ffmpeg_grabdesktop.cpp -g -o simplest_ffmpeg_grabdesktop.out \

-framework Cocoa -I /usr/local/include -L /usr/local/lib -lSDLmain -lSDL -lavformat -lavcodec -lavutil -lavdevice -lswscale

PS:相关的编译命令已经保存到了工程文件夹中
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