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Run Loop 总结

2015-04-08 21:37 330 查看
一、Runloop简介:
Run loops 是线程相关的的基础框架的一部分。一个 run loop 就是一个事件处理 的循环,用来不停的调度工作以及处理输入事件。
使用 run loop的目的是让你的线程在有工作的时候忙于工作,而没工作的时候处于休眠状态。
Runloop还可以在loop在循环中的同时响应其他输入源,比如界面控件的按钮,手势等。
 
Run loop 接收输入事件来自两种不同的来源:
输入源(input source)和定时源 (timer source)。
输入源传递异步事件,通常消息来自于其他线程或程序。输入源的种类:基于端口的输入源和自定义输入源。
定时源则传递同步事件,发生在特定时间或者重复的时间间隔。
 
Run loop 模式是所有要监视的输入源和定时源以及要通知的 run loop 注册观察 者的集合。
可以将 Run loop 观察者和以下事件关联:
Run loop 入口
Run loop 何时处理一个定时器
Run loop 何时处理一个输入源
Run loop 何时进入睡眠状态
Run loop 何时被唤醒,但在唤醒之前要处理的事件
Run loop 终止
 
每次运行 Run loop,你线程的 Run loop 对会自动处理之前未处理的消息,并通知相关的观察者。具体的顺序如下:
1. 通知观察者 Run loop 已经启动。
2. 通知观察者任何即将要开始的定时器。
3. 通知观察者任何即将启动的非基于端口的源。
4. 启动任何准备好的非基于端口的源。
5. 如果基于端口的源准备好并处于等待状态,立即启动;并进入步骤 9。
6. 通知观察者线程进入休眠。
7. 将线程置于休眠直到任一下面的事件发生:
   某一事件到达基于端口的源;
   定时器启动;
   Run loop 设置的时间已经超时;
   Run loop 被显式唤醒。
8. 通知观察者线程将被唤醒。
9. 处理未处理的事件
   如果用户定义的定时器启动,处理定时器事件并重启 Run loop。进入步骤 2。
   如果输入源启动,传递相应的消息。
   如果 Run loop 被显式唤醒而且时间还没超时,重启 Run loop,进入步骤 2。
10. 通知观察者 Run loop 结束。
 
Run loop 在你要和线程有更多的交互时才需要,比如以下情况:
使用端口或自定义输入源来和其他线程通信;
使用线程的定时器;
Cocoa 中使用任何performSelector...的方法;
使线程周期性工作。
 
二、举例说明Runloop的优点。
一般情况下,当我们使用NSRunLoop的时候,代码如下所示:
do {
    [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] runMode:NSDefaultRunLoopModebeforeDate:[NSDate distantFuture]];
} while (!done);
在上面的代码中,参数done为NO的时候,当前runloop会一直接收处理其他输入源,处理输入源之后会再回到runloop中等待其他的输入源;除非done为NO,否则当前流程一直再runloop中。
如下面的代码片段所示,有三个按钮,分别对应如下三个action消息,buttonNormalThreadTestPressed,buttonRunloopPressed,buttonTestPressed。
buttonNormalThreadTestPressed:启动一个线程,在while循环中等待线程执行完再接着往下运行。
buttonRunloopPressed:启动一个线程,使用runloop,等待线程执行完再接着往下运行。
buttonTestPressed:仅仅打印两条日志,用来测试UI是否能立即响应的。
在本测试中,待程序运行后,做如下操作对比:
1、点击buttonNormalThreadTestPressed,然后立刻点击buttonTestPressed,查看日志输出。
2、待1完成后,点击buttonRunloopPressed,然后立刻点击buttonTestPressed,查看日志输出,跟1的日志做对比,即可以发现步骤2即使线程没有完成,在runloop等待过程中,界面仍然能够响应。
 
BOOL threadProcess1Finished =NO;
-(void)threadProce1{
    NSLog(@"Enter threadProce1.");
   
    for (int i=0; i<5;i++) {
       
NSLog(@"InthreadProce1 count = %d.", i);
       
sleep(1);
    }   
    threadProcess1Finished =YES;    
    NSLog(@"Exit threadProce1.");
}
 
BOOL threadProcess2Finished =NO;
-(void)threadProce2{
    NSLog(@"Enter threadProce2.");
   
    for (int i=0; i<5;i++) {
       
NSLog(@"InthreadProce2 count = %d.", i);
       
sleep(1);
    }
   
    threadProcess2Finished =YES;   
    NSLog(@"Exit threadProce2.");
}
 
- (IBAction)buttonNormalThreadTestPressed:(UIButton *)sender {
   
    NSLog(@"EnterbuttonNormalThreadTestPressed");
   
    threadProcess1Finished =NO;
    NSLog(@"Start a new thread.");
    [NSThreaddetachNewThreadSelector:@selector(threadProce1)
                            
toTarget: self
                          
withObject: nil];
   
    //
通常等待线程处理完后再继续操作的代码如下面的形式。
    //
在等待线程threadProce1结束之前,调用buttonTestPressed,界面没有响应,直到threadProce1运行完,才打印buttonTestPressed里面的日志。
    while (!threadProcess1Finished) {       
        [NSThreadsleepForTimeInterval: 0.5];
    }
   
    NSLog(@"ExitbuttonNormalThreadTestPressed");   
}
 
- (IBAction)buttonRunloopPressed:(id)sender {
    NSLog(@"Enter buttonRunloopPressed");
    threadProcess2Finished =NO;
    NSLog(@"Start a new thread.");
    [NSThreaddetachNewThreadSelector:@selector(threadProce2)
                            
toTarget: self
                          
withObject: nil];
   
    //
使用runloop,情况就不一样了。
    //
在等待线程threadProce2结束之前,调用buttonTestPressed,界面立马响应,并打印buttonTestPressed里面的日志。
    //
这就是runloop的神奇所在
    while (!threadProcess2Finished) {
       
NSLog(@"Begin runloop");
        [[NSRunLoopcurrentRunLoop]runMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode
                                
beforeDate: [NSDate
distantFuture]];
       
NSLog(@"End runloop.");
    }
    NSLog(@"Exit buttonRunloopPressed");
}
 
- (IBAction)buttonTestPressed:(id)sender{
    NSLog(@"Enter buttonTestPressed");
    NSLog(@"Exit buttonTestPressed");
}
 
日志信息如下:
2013-04-07 14:25:22.829 Runloop[657:11303] EnterbuttonNormalThreadTestPressed
2013-04-07 14:25:22.830 Runloop[657:11303] Start a new thread.
2013-04-07 14:25:22.831 Runloop[657:1250f] Enter threadProce1.
2013-04-07 14:25:22.832 Runloop[657:1250f] In threadProce1 count = 0.
2013-04-07 14:25:23.833 Runloop[657:1250f] In threadProce1 count = 1.
2013-04-07 14:25:24.834 Runloop[657:1250f] In threadProce1 count = 2.
2013-04-07 14:25:25.835 Runloop[657:1250f] In threadProce1 count = 3.
2013-04-07 14:25:26.837 Runloop[657:1250f] In threadProce1 count = 4.
2013-04-07 14:25:27.839 Runloop[657:1250f] Exit threadProce1.
2013-04-07 14:25:27.840 Runloop[657:11303]ExitbuttonNormalThreadTestPressed
2013-04-07 14:25:27.841 Runloop[657:11303]EnterbuttonTestPressed
2013-04-07 14:25:27.842 Runloop[657:11303] Exit buttonTestPressed
2013-04-07 14:25:27.843 Runloop[657:11303] Enter buttonTestPressed
2013-04-07 14:25:27.844 Runloop[657:11303] Exit buttonTestPressed
 
2013-04-07 14:43:41.790 Runloop[657:11303] Enter buttonRunloopPressed
2013-04-07 14:43:41.790 Runloop[657:11303] Start a new thread.
2013-04-07 14:43:41.791 Runloop[657:11303] Begin runloop
2013-04-07 14:43:41.791 Runloop[657:14f0b] Enter threadProce2.
2013-04-07 14:43:41.792 Runloop[657:14f0b] In threadProce2 count = 0.
2013-04-07 14:43:42.542 Runloop[657:11303] End runloop.
2013-04-07 14:43:42.543 Runloop[657:11303] Begin runloop
2013-04-07 14:43:42.694 Runloop[657:11303]Enter buttonTestPressed
2013-04-07 14:43:42.694 Runloop[657:11303]Exit buttonTestPressed
2013-04-07 14:43:42.695 Runloop[657:11303] End runloop.
2013-04-07 14:43:42.696 Runloop[657:11303] Begin runloop
2013-04-07 14:43:42.793 Runloop[657:14f0b] In threadProce2 count = 1.
2013-04-07 14:43:43.326 Runloop[657:11303] End runloop.
2013-04-07 14:43:43.327 Runloop[657:11303] Begin runloop
2013-04-07 14:43:43.438 Runloop[657:11303]Enter buttonTestPressed
2013-04-07 14:43:43.438 Runloop[657:11303]Exit buttonTestPressed
2013-04-07 14:43:43.439 Runloop[657:11303] End runloop.
2013-04-07 14:43:43.440 Runloop[657:11303] Begin runloop
2013-04-07 14:43:43.795 Runloop[657:14f0b] In threadProce2 count = 2.
2013-04-07 14:43:44.797 Runloop[657:14f0b] In threadProce2 count = 3.
2013-04-07 14:43:45.798 Runloop[657:14f0b] In threadProce2 count = 4.
2013-04-07 14:43:46.800 Runloop[657:14f0b] Exit threadProce2.
 
 
三、Runloop简单实例:
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [superviewDidLoad];
    // Doany additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
   
    [NSThreaddetachNewThreadSelector:@selector(newThreadProcess)
                            
toTarget: self
                          
withObject: nil];
}
 
 
- (void)newThreadProcess
{
    @autoreleasepool {
       
////获得当前thread的Runloop
       
NSRunLoop* myRunLoop = [NSRunLoop
currentRunLoop];
       
       
//设置Run loop observer的运行环境 
       
CFRunLoopObserverContext context = {0,self,NULL,NULL,NULL};
       
       
//创建Run loop observer对象 
       
//第一个参数用于分配observer对象的内存 
       
//第二个参数用以设置observer所要关注的事件,详见回调函数myRunLoopObserver中注释 
       
//第三个参数用于标识该observer是在第一次进入runloop时执行还是每次进入run
loop处理时均执行 
       
//第四个参数用于设置该observer的优先级 
       
//第五个参数用于设置该observer的回调函数 
       
//第六个参数用于设置该observer的运行环境 
       
CFRunLoopObserverRef observer = CFRunLoopObserverCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault,kCFRunLoopAllActivities,YES,
0, &myRunLoopObserver, &context);
       
if(observer)
        {
           
//将Cocoa的NSRunLoop类型转换成CoreFoundation的CFRunLoopRef类型 
           
CFRunLoopRef cfRunLoop = [myRunLoop getCFRunLoop];
           
           
//将新建的observer加入到当前thread的runloop 
           
CFRunLoopAddObserver(cfRunLoop, observer, kCFRunLoopDefaultMode);
        }
       
       
//
        [NSTimerscheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1
                                        target:self
                                       selector:@selector(timerProcess)
                                      userInfo:nil
                                       repeats:YES];
       
NSInteger loopCount = 2;
       
do{
           
//启动当前thread的loop直到所指定的时间到达,在loop运行时,runloop会处理所有来自与该run
loop联系的inputsource的数据 
           
//对于本例与当前run loop联系的inputsource只有一个Timer类型的source。 
           
//该Timer每隔1秒发送触发事件给runloop,run
loop检测到该事件时会调用相应的处理方法。 
           
           
//由于在run loop添加了observer且设置observer对所有的runloop行为都感兴趣。
 
           
//当调用runUnitDate方法时,observer检测到runloop启动并进入循环,observer会调用其回调函数,第二个参数所传递的行为是kCFRunLoopEntry。 
           
//observer检测到runloop的其它行为并调用回调函数的操作与上面的描述相类似。 
            [myRunLoop
runUntilDate:[NSDate
dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:5.0]];
            //当run loop的运行时间到达时,会退出当前的runloop。observer同样会检测到runloop的退出行为并调用其回调函数,第二个参数所传递的行为是kCFRunLoopExit。
            loopCount--;
        }while (loopCount);
    }
}
 
void myRunLoopObserver(CFRunLoopObserverRef observer,CFRunLoopActivity activity,void
*info)
{
    switch (activity) { 
           
//The entrance of the run loop, beforeentering the event processing loop.  

           
//This activity occurs once for each callto CFRunLoopRun and CFRunLoopRunInMode 

       
case kCFRunLoopEntry: 
            NSLog(@"run loop entry"); 
           
break; 
           
//Inside the event processing loop beforeany timers are processed 
       
case kCFRunLoopBeforeTimers: 
           
NSLog(@"run loop before timers"); 

           
break;
           
//Inside the event processing loop beforeany sources are processed 
       
case kCFRunLoopBeforeSources: 
           
NSLog(@"run loop before sources"); 

           
break; 
           
//Inside the event processing loop beforethe run loop sleeps, waiting for a source or timer to fire.  
           
//This activity does not occur ifCFRunLoopRunInMode is called with a timeout of 0 seconds.  
           
//It also does not occur in a particulariteration of the event processing loop if a version 0 source fires 
       
case kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting: 
           
NSLog(@"run loop before waiting"); 

           
break; 
           
//Inside the event processing loop afterthe run loop wakes up, but before processing the event that woke it up.  
            //This activity occurs only if the run loopdid in fact go to sleep during the current loop 
       
case kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting: 
           
NSLog(@"run loop after waiting"); 

           
break; 
           
//The exit of the run loop, after exitingthe event processing loop.  
           
//This activity occurs once for each callto CFRunLoopRun and CFRunLoopRunInMode 

       
case kCFRunLoopExit: 
           
NSLog(@"run loop exit"); 
           
break; 
           
/*
             A combination of all the precedingstages
             case kCFRunLoopAllActivities:
             break;
             */ 
       
default: 
           
break; 
    } 
}
 
 
- (void)timerProcess{
   
    for (int i=0; i<5; i++) {       
       
NSLog(@"In timerProcess count = %d.", i);
       
sleep(1);
    }
}
 
调试打印信息如下:
2012-12-18 09:51:14.174 Texta[645:14807] run loop entry
2012-12-18 09:51:14.175 Texta[645:14807] run loop before timers
2012-12-18 09:51:14.176 Texta[645:14807] run loop before sources
2012-12-18 09:51:14.177 Texta[645:14807] run loop before waiting
2012-12-18 09:51:15.174 Texta[645:14807] run loop after waiting
2012-12-18 09:51:15.176 Texta[645:14807] In timerProcess count = 0.
2012-12-18 09:51:16.178 Texta[645:14807] In timerProcess count = 1.
2012-12-18 09:51:17.181 Texta[645:14807] In timerProcess count = 2.
2012-12-18 09:51:18.183 Texta[645:14807] In timerProcess count = 3.
2012-12-18 09:51:19.185 Texta[645:14807] In timerProcess count = 4.
2012-12-18 09:51:20.187 Texta[645:14807] run loop exit
2012-12-18 09:51:20.189 Texta[645:14807] run loop entry
2012-12-18 09:51:20.190 Texta[645:14807] run loop before timers
2012-12-18 09:51:20.191 Texta[645:14807] run loop before sources
2012-12-18 09:51:20.191 Texta[645:14807] run loop before waiting
2012-12-18 09:51:21.174 Texta[645:14807] run loop after waiting
2012-12-18 09:51:21.176 Texta[645:14807] In timerProcess count = 0.
2012-12-18 09:51:22.178 Texta[645:14807] In timerProcess count = 1.
2012-12-18 09:51:23.181 Texta[645:14807] In timerProcess count = 2.
2012-12-18 09:51:24.183 Texta[645:14807] In timerProcess count = 3.
2012-12-18 09:51:25.185 Texta[645:14807] In timerProcess count = 4.
2012-12-18 09:51:26.187 Texta[645:14807] run loop exit
 
四、Runloop可以阻塞线程,等待其他线程执行后再执行。
比如:
BOOL StopFlag =NO;
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [superviewDidLoad];
     // Doany additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
   
    StopFlag =NO;
    NSLog(@"Start a new thread.");
    [NSThreaddetachNewThreadSelector:@selector(newThreadProc)
                             toTarget:self
                          
withObject: nil];
    while (!StopFlag) {
       
NSLog(@"Beginrunloop");
        [[NSRunLoopcurrentRunLoop]runMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode
                                
beforeDate: [NSDate
distantFuture]];
       
NSLog(@"Endrunloop.");
    }
   
    NSLog(@"OK");
}
 
 
-(void)newThreadProc{
    NSLog(@"Enter newThreadProc.");
   
    for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
       
NSLog(@"InnewThreadProc count = %d.", i);
       
sleep(1);
    }
   
    StopFlag =YES;
   
    NSLog(@"Exit newThreadProc.");
}
}
调试打印信息如下:
2012-12-18 08:50:34.220 Runloop[374:11303] Start a new thread.
2012-12-18 08:50:34.222 Runloop[374:11303] Begin runloop
2012-12-18 08:50:34.222 Runloop[374:14b03] Enter newThreadProc.
2012-12-18 08:50:34.223 Runloop[374:14b03] In newThreadProc count = 0.
2012-12-18 08:50:35.225 Runloop[374:14b03] In newThreadProc count = 1.
2012-12-18 08:50:36.228 Runloop[374:14b03] In newThreadProc count = 2.
2012-12-18 08:50:37.230 Runloop[374:14b03] In newThreadProc count = 3.
2012-12-18 08:50:38.233 Runloop[374:14b03] In newThreadProc count = 4.
2012-12-18 08:50:39.235 Runloop[374:14b03] In newThreadProc count = 5.
2012-12-18 08:50:40.237 Runloop[374:14b03] In newThreadProc count = 6.
2012-12-18 08:50:41.240 Runloop[374:14b03] In newThreadProc count = 7.
2012-12-18 08:50:42.242 Runloop[374:14b03] In newThreadProc count = 8.
2012-12-18 08:50:43.245 Runloop[374:14b03] In newThreadProc count = 9.
2012-12-18 08:50:44.247 Runloop[374:14b03] Exit newThreadProc.
2012-12-18 08:51:00.000 Runloop[374:11303] End runloop.
2012-12-18 08:51:00.001 Runloop[374:11303] OK
从调试打印信息可以看到,while循环后执行的语句会在很长时间后才被执行。因为,改变变量StopFlag的值,runloop对象根本不知道,runloop在这个时候未被唤醒。有其他事件在某个时点唤醒了主线程,这才结束了while循环,但延缓的时长总是不定的。。
 
将代码稍微修改一下:
[[NSRunLoopcurrentRunLoop]runMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode
                                
beforeDate: [NSDatedateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:1]];
缩短runloop的休眠时间,看起来解决了上面出现的问题。
但这样会导致runloop被经常性的唤醒,违背了runloop的设计初衷。runloop的目的就死让你的线程在有工作的时候忙于工作,而没工作的时候处于休眠状态。
 
最后,看下下面正确的写法:
BOOL StopFlag =NO;
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [superviewDidLoad];
     // Doany additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
   
    StopFlag =NO;
    NSLog(@"Start a new thread.");
    [NSThreaddetachNewThreadSelector:@selector(newThreadProc)
                            
toTarget: self
                          
withObject: nil];
    while (!StopFlag) {
       
NSLog(@"Beginrunloop");
        [[NSRunLoopcurrentRunLoop]runMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode
                                 beforeDate: [NSDatedistantFuture]];
       
NSLog(@"Endrunloop.");
    }
   
    NSLog(@"OK");
}
 
 
-(void)newThreadProc{   
    NSLog(@"Enter newThreadProc.");
   
    for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
       
NSLog(@"InnewThreadProc count = %d.", i);
       
sleep(1);
    }
    [selfperformSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(setEnd)
                          withObject:nil
                       
waitUntilDone: NO];

   
    NSLog(@"Exit newThreadProc.");
}
-(void)setEnd{
   
StopFlag = YES;

}
 
调试打印信息如下:
2012-12-18 09:05:17.161 Runloop[410:11303] Start a new thread.
2012-12-18 09:05:17.163 Runloop[410:14a03] Enter newThreadProc.
2012-12-18 09:05:17.164 Runloop[410:14a03] In newThreadProc count = 0.
2012-12-18 09:05:17.165 Runloop[410:11303] Begin runloop
2012-12-18 09:05:18.166 Runloop[410:14a03] In newThreadProc count = 1.
2012-12-18 09:05:19.168 Runloop[410:14a03] In newThreadProc count = 2.
2012-12-18 09:05:20.171 Runloop[410:14a03] In newThreadProc count = 3.
2012-12-18 09:05:21.173 Runloop[410:14a03] In newThreadProc count = 4.
2012-12-18 09:05:22.175 Runloop[410:14a03] In newThreadProc count = 5.
2012-12-18 09:05:23.178 Runloop[410:14a03] In newThreadProc count = 6.
2012-12-18 09:05:24.180 Runloop[410:14a03] In newThreadProc count = 7.
2012-12-18 09:05:25.182 Runloop[410:14a03] In newThreadProc count = 8.
2012-12-18 09:05:26.185 Runloop[410:14a03] In newThreadProc count = 9.
2012-12-18 09:05:27.188 Runloop[410:14a03] Exit newThreadProc.
2012-12-18 09:05:27.188 Runloop[410:11303] End runloop.
2012-12-18 09:05:27.189 Runloop[410:11303] OK
把直接设置变量,改为向主线程发送消息,唤醒runloop,延时问题解决。
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标签:  iOS run loop