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Linux 命令整理 —— 用户管理

2015-03-18 00:11 477 查看
Linux用户管理以读、写、执行动作为权限,以用户组为单位,限制用户行为。对于文件的的操作,可以限制读、写、执行中的哪一种,也可以限制文件所有者、组用户、组外用户相应的权限。

所以,要建立用户,最好先确定其所在的组。
一、用户组操作
1. 创建用户组——groupadd

#新增deploy组
groupadd deploy


2. 修改用户组——groupmod

#将用户组deploy更名为deploy1
groupmod -n deploy1 deploy


注意是将已存在的deploy组更名为deploy1

3. 删除用户组——groupdel

#删除用户组deploy1
groupdel deploy1


4. 查看用户组——groups /etc/group
groups只能查看当前用户所在的组,以下是root用户所在的组。

引用

# groups
root bin daemon sys adm disk wheel


要看所有用户组信息,直接查看/etc/group:

引用

# cat /etc/group
root:x:0:root
bin:x:1:root,bin,daemon
daemon:x:2:root,bin,daemon
sys:x:3:root,bin,adm


二、用户操作
1. 创建用户——useradd

引用

# useradd
Usage: useradd [options] LOGIN

Options:
-b, --base-dir BASE_DIR       base directory for the new user account
home directory
-c, --comment COMMENT         set the GECOS field for the new user account
-d, --home-dir HOME_DIR       home directory for the new user account
-D, --defaults                print or save modified default useradd
configuration
-e, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE  set account expiration date to EXPIRE_DATE
-f, --inactive INACTIVE       set password inactive after expiration
to INACTIVE
-g, --gid GROUP               force use GROUP for the new user account
-G, --groups GROUPS           list of supplementary groups for the new
user account
-h, --help                    display this help message and exit
-k, --skel SKEL_DIR           specify an alternative skel directory
-K, --key KEY=VALUE           overrides /etc/login.defs defaults
-m, --create-home             create home directory for the new user
account
-l,                       do not add user to lastlog database file
-M,                       do not create user's home directory(overrides /etc/login.defs)
-r,                       create system account
-o, --non-unique              allow create user with duplicate
(non-unique) UID
-p, --password PASSWORD       use encrypted password for the new user
account
-s, --shell SHELL             the login shell for the new user account
-u, --uid UID                 force use the UID for the new user account
-Z, --selinux-user SEUSER     use a specific SEUSER for the SELinux user mapping


新建用户deploy,位于deploy组,用于部署工作:

#-g 组 用户
useradd -g deploy deploy


新建用户nginx,位于www组,且不可登录,用于启动nginx:

useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g www nginx


为用户deploy设置密码:

引用

# passwd deploy
Changing password for user deploy.
New UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.


新建用户test,位于www组,并为其设置密码为1234567890:

useradd -g www -p 1234567890 test


2. 修改用户——usermod gpasswd

引用

# usermod
Usage: usermod [options] LOGIN

Options:
-a, --append                  append the user to the supplemental GROUPS
(use only with -G)
-c, --comment COMMENT         new value of the GECOS field
-d, --home HOME_DIR           new home directory for the user account
-e, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE  set account expiration date to EXPIRE_DATE
-f, --inactive INACTIVE       set password inactive after expiration
to INACTIVE
-g, --gid GROUP               force use GROUP as new primary group
-G, --groups GROUPS           new list of supplementary GROUPS
-h, --help                    display this help message and exit
-l, --login NEW_LOGIN         new value of the login name
-L, --lock                    lock the user account
-m, --move-home               move contents of the home directory to the new
location (use only with -d)
-o, --non-unique              allow using duplicate (non-unique) UID
-p, --password PASSWORD       use encrypted password for the new password
-s, --shell SHELL             new login shell for the user account
-u, --uid UID                 new UID for the user account
-U, --unlock                  unlock the user account
-Z, --selinux-user    new selinux user mapping for the user account


将用户test登录目录设为/home/test,并将其添加到www组:

usermod -d /home/test -G www test


将用户test追加到deploy组:

usermod -a -G deploy test


注意:如果没有-a,将直接变更用户所在组,即将用户从原所在组中移除!

这时候用gpasswd就比较安全一些!

gpasswd -a test deploy


将用户test从www组中移除:

gpasswd -d test www


3. 删除用户——userdel
删除用户test,并移除其登录目录:

    

 userdel -r test
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