Mahout快速入门教程

Mahout 是一个很强大的数据挖掘工具，是一个分布式机器学习算法的集合，包括：被称为Taste的分布式协同过滤的实现、分类、聚类等。Mahout最大的优点就是基于hadoop实现，把很多以前运行于单机上的算法，转化为了MapReduce模式，这样大大提升了算法可处理的数据量和处理性能。

一、Mahout安装、配置

1、下载并解压Mahout
http://archive.apache.org/dist/mahout/
tar -zxvf mahout-distribution-0.9.tar.gz

2、配置环境变量

# set mahout environment

export MAHOUT_HOME=/mnt/jediael/mahout/mahout-distribution-0.9

export MAHOUT_CONF_DIR=$MAHOUT_HOME/conf

export PATH=$MAHOUT_HOME/conf:$MAHOUT_HOME/bin:$PATH

3、安装mahout

[jediael@master mahout-distribution-0.9]$ pwd

/mnt/jediael/mahout/mahout-distribution-0.9

[jediael@master mahout-distribution-0.9]$ mvn install

4、验证Mahout是否安装成功

执行命令mahout。若列出一些算法，则成功：

[jediael@master mahout-distribution-0.9]$ mahout
Running on hadoop, using /mnt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/bin/hadoop and HADOOP_CONF_DIR=
MAHOUT-JOB: /mnt/jediael/mahout/mahout-distribution-0.9/examples/target/mahout-examples-0.9-job.jar
An example program must be given as the first argument.
Valid program names are:
arff.vector: : Generate Vectors from an ARFF file or directory
baumwelch: : Baum-Welch algorithm for unsupervised HMM training
canopy: : Canopy clustering
cat: : Print a file or resource as the logistic regression models would see it
cleansvd: : Cleanup and verification of SVD output
clusterdump: : Dump cluster output to text
clusterpp: : Groups Clustering Output In Clusters
cmdump: : Dump confusion matrix in HTML or text formats
concatmatrices: : Concatenates 2 matrices of same cardinality into a single matrix
cvb: : LDA via Collapsed Variation Bayes (0th deriv. approx)
cvb0_local: : LDA via Collapsed Variation Bayes, in memory locally.
evaluateFactorization: : compute RMSE and MAE of a rating matrix factorization against probes
fkmeans: : Fuzzy K-means clustering
hmmpredict: : Generate random sequence of observations by given HMM
itemsimilarity: : Compute the item-item-similarities for item-based collaborative filtering
kmeans: : K-means clustering
lucene.vector: : Generate Vectors from a Lucene index
lucene2seq: : Generate Text SequenceFiles from a Lucene index
matrixdump: : Dump matrix in CSV format
matrixmult: : Take the product of two matrices
parallelALS: : ALS-WR factorization of a rating matrix
qualcluster: : Runs clustering experiments and summarizes results in a CSV
recommendfactorized: : Compute recommendations using the factorization of a rating matrix
recommenditembased: : Compute recommendations using item-based collaborative filtering
regexconverter: : Convert text files on a per line basis based on regular expressions
resplit: : Splits a set of SequenceFiles into a number of equal splits
rowid: : Map SequenceFile<Text,VectorWritable> to {SequenceFile<IntWritable,VectorWritable>, SequenceFile<IntWritable,Text>}
rowsimilarity: : Compute the pairwise similarities of the rows of a matrix
runAdaptiveLogistic: : Score new production data using a probably trained and validated AdaptivelogisticRegression model
runlogistic: : Run a logistic regression model against CSV data
seq2encoded: : Encoded Sparse Vector generation from Text sequence files
seq2sparse: : Sparse Vector generation from Text sequence files
seqdirectory: : Generate sequence files (of Text) from a directory
seqdumper: : Generic Sequence File dumper
seqmailarchives: : Creates SequenceFile from a directory containing gzipped mail archives
seqwiki: : Wikipedia xml dump to sequence file
spectralkmeans: : Spectral k-means clustering
split: : Split Input data into test and train sets
splitDataset: : split a rating dataset into training and probe parts
ssvd: : Stochastic SVD
streamingkmeans: : Streaming k-means clustering
svd: : Lanczos Singular Value Decomposition
testnb: : Test the Vector-based Bayes classifier
trainAdaptiveLogistic: : Train an AdaptivelogisticRegression model
trainlogistic: : Train a logistic regression using stochastic gradient descent
trainnb: : Train the Vector-based Bayes classifier
transpose: : Take the transpose of a matrix
validateAdaptiveLogistic: : Validate an AdaptivelogisticRegression model against hold-out data set
vecdist: : Compute the distances between a set of Vectors (or Cluster or Canopy, they must fit in memory) and a list of Vectors
vectordump: : Dump vectors from a sequence file to text
viterbi: : Viterbi decoding of hidden states from given output states sequence

二、使用简单示例验证mahout

1、启动Hadoop

2、下载测试数据
http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/databases/synthetic_control/链接中的synthetic_control.data
或者百度一下也很容易找到这个示例数据。

3、上传测试数据

hadoop fs -put synthetic_control.data testdata

4、 使用Mahout中的kmeans聚类算法，执行命令：

mahout -core org.apache.mahout.clustering.syntheticcontrol.kmeans.Job

花费9分钟左右完成聚类 。

5、查看聚类结果

执行hadoop fs -ls /user/root/output，查看聚类结果。

[jediael@master mahout-distribution-0.9]$ hadoop fs -ls output
Found 15 items
-rw-r--r--   2 jediael supergroup        194 2015-03-07 15:07 /user/jediael/output/_policy
drwxr-xr-x   - jediael supergroup          0 2015-03-07 15:07 /user/jediael/output/clusteredPoints
drwxr-xr-x   - jediael supergroup          0 2015-03-07 15:02 /user/jediael/output/clusters-0
drwxr-xr-x   - jediael supergroup          0 2015-03-07 15:02 /user/jediael/output/clusters-1
drwxr-xr-x   - jediael supergroup          0 2015-03-07 15:07 /user/jediael/output/clusters-10-final
drwxr-xr-x   - jediael supergroup          0 2015-03-07 15:03 /user/jediael/output/clusters-2
drwxr-xr-x   - jediael supergroup          0 2015-03-07 15:03 /user/jediael/output/clusters-3
drwxr-xr-x   - jediael supergroup          0 2015-03-07 15:04 /user/jediael/output/clusters-4
drwxr-xr-x   - jediael supergroup          0 2015-03-07 15:04 /user/jediael/output/clusters-5
drwxr-xr-x   - jediael supergroup          0 2015-03-07 15:05 /user/jediael/output/clusters-6
drwxr-xr-x   - jediael supergroup          0 2015-03-07 15:05 /user/jediael/output/clusters-7
drwxr-xr-x   - jediael supergroup          0 2015-03-07 15:06 /user/jediael/output/clusters-8
drwxr-xr-x   - jediael supergroup          0 2015-03-07 15:07 /user/jediael/output/clusters-9
drwxr-xr-x   - jediael supergroup          0 2015-03-07 15:02 /user/jediael/output/data
drwxr-xr-x   - jediael supergroup          0 2015-03-07 15:02 /user/jediael/output/random-seeds