24. 文件系统――制作本地的yum源

之前使用的yum仓库，是直接将baseurl设置为官方镜像，或者是安装光盘。本节内容将介绍如何将互联网上下载到本地的rpm包制作成本地的yum源。定制yum源的命令是 createrepo： [root@localhost ~]# createrepo

-bash: createrepo: command not found
# 该命令尚未安装，可以使用yum安装

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install createrepo

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package createrepo.noarch 0:0.9.9-18.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-deltarpm for package: createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package python-deltarpm.x86_64 0:3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: deltarpm = 3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6 for package: python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package deltarpm.x86_64 0:3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=================================================================================
Package                 Arch           Version                            Repository             Size
==============================================================================
Installing:
createrepo              noarch         0.9.9-18.el6                       cdrom-centos6          94 k
Installing for dependencies:
deltarpm                x86_64         3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6            cdrom-centos6          71 k
python-deltarpm         x86_64         3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6            cdrom-centos6          27 k

Transaction Summary
=================================================================================
Install       3 Package(s)

Total download size: 192 k
Installed size: 518 k
Downloading Packages:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                  1.9 MB/s | 192 kB     00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64                                             1/3
Installing : python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64                                      2/3
Installing : createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch                                                      3/3
Verifying  : createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch                                                      1/3
Verifying  : python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64                                      2/3
Verifying  : deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64                                             3/3

Installed:
createrepo.noarch 0:0.9.9-18.el6

Dependency Installed:
deltarpm.x86_64 0:3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6      python-deltarpm.x86_64 0:3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6

Complete!

一、 制作本地的yum源现在到官方站点上下载几个rpm包到本地（可以使用ftp工具FileZilla将本机上下载的文件传输到虚拟机中）：[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg                          if_exist.sh         Templates
axis-1.2.1-7.5.el6_5.noarch.rpm          install.log         Videos
axis-javadoc-1.2.1-7.5.el6_5.noarch.rpm  install.log.syslog
xen-4.4.1-5.el6.x86_64.rpm  axis-manual-1.2.1-7.5.el6_5.noarch.rpm
mkscript     zsh-4.3.10-7.el6.x86_64.rpm Desktop        Music
zsh-html-4.3.10-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
Documents         Pictures  Downloads                Public
# 下载了很多rpm包

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /yum[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /yum/package [root@localhost ~]# mv *.rpm /yum/package/ [root@localhost ~]# ls /yum/package/

axis-1.2.1-7.5.el6_5.noarch.rpm          xen-4.4.1-5.el6.x86_64.rpm
axis-javadoc-1.2.1-7.5.el6_5.noarch.rpm  zsh-4.3.10-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
axis-manual-1.2.1-7.5.el6_5.noarch.rpm   zsh-html-4.3.10-7.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost ~]# createrepo /yum/package/

# 使用createrepo命令加上rpm包的路径即可
Spawning worker 0 with 6 pkgs
Workers Finished
Gathering worker results

Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete

[root@localhost ~]# ls /yum/package/

axis-1.2.1-7.5.el6_5.noarch.rpm        zsh-html-4.3.10-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
axis-javadoc-1.2.1-7.5.el6_5.noarch.rpm  xen-4.4.1-5.el6.x86_64.rpm
axis-manual-1.2.1-7.5.el6_5.noarch.rpm   zsh-4.3.10-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
repodata
#会发现多了一个目录repodata

[root@localhost ~]# cd /yum//package/repodata/[root@localhost repodata]# ls

# repodata中有很多新生成的文件
4aa67d3d6de3fb964dd96bc15e3849a95c0c26add8bdf871b584c42fafc6564d-other.sqlite.bz2
# 这是个小型的嵌入式数据库引擎
9501c262742c6024ec0bf8e0e0a876c1ab8c51c3c9f9e8b54205c03121c2274f-primary.xml.gz
af1104a240755c3d4cf5d8ead181afed54f3395d71f6eec76210bae9aeac6b5f-primary.sqlite.bz2
# 主配置文件，包含当前仓库内的所有rpm包，以及各rpm包之间的依赖关系
d8d9144e02ffe32302d157984b9fb84246e30e78a3ab440c32b74e73489de44e-filelists.sqlite.bz2
f501ede79b66c9f96117d7070cffae3c8aa621723f13f53999cd2a91b621cf1e-filelists.xml.gz
# 当前目录中所有rpm包的文件列表

repomd.xml
# 核心文件，用来保留下面六个文件的时间戳信息，当升级rpm包时，yum会将本地rpm包的缓存时间戳和该文件中的时间戳进行比较，如果一致，说明远程服务器的rpm包没有更新 （本地的缓存时间戳保存在/var/cache/yum）

832dc759e3507b97d6b92ce2d82aee1242d2b15839b0788ab7ec342fe059079f-other.xml.gz
# 其他信息，如rpm包的改变日志等（每次rpm包升级的变化），rpm -q --changelog会依赖这个文件

[root@localhost repodata]# rpm -q --changelog bash

* Tue Jul 09 2013 Roman Rakus <rrakus@redhat.com> - 4.1.2-15
- Fixed a bug that caused trap handlers to be executed recursively,
corrupting internal data structures.
Resolves: #982610

* Wed Aug 29 2012 Roman Rakus <rrakus@redhat.com> - 4.1.2-14
- Tweak a logout patch so it will not create backup file
Resolves: #677439

[root@localhost repodata]# ls /var/cache/yum

timedhosts.txt  x86_64

二、使用本地的yum源 [root@localhost repodata]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/localrepo.repo

[local-package]
name=Local x86_64
baseurl=file:///yum/package
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
local-package                                             | 2.9 kB     00:00 ...
local-package/primary_db                                  | 7.0 kB     00:00 ...
base                                                      | 4.0 kB     00:00 ...
repo id                    repo name                                 status
cdrom-centos6              CentOS 6.4 x86_64                         6,367
local-package              Local x86_64                              6
# 可以看到本地yum源已经创建成功了
base                       CentOS 6.4 x86_64                         6,367
repolist: 12,740

[root@localhost ~]# yum install axis
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package axis.noarch 0:1.2.1-7.5.el6_5 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: wsdl4j for package: axis-1.2.1-7.5.el6_5.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: log4j for package: axis-1.2.1-7.5.el6_5.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: jaxp_parser_impl for package: axis-1.2.1-7.5.el6_5.noarch
local-package/filelists_db                                                      |  21 kB     00:00 ...
--> Processing Dependency: javamail for package: axis-1.2.1-7.5.el6_5.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: jakarta-commons-logging for package: axis-1.2.1-7.5.el6_5.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: jakarta-commons-httpclient for package: axis-1.2.1-7.5.el6_5.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: jakarta-commons-discovery for package: axis-1.2.1-7.5.el6_5.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: jaf for package: axis-1.2.1-7.5.el6_5.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package classpathx-jaf.x86_64 0:1.0-15.4.el6 will be installed
---> Package classpathx-mail.noarch 0:1.1.1-9.4.el6 will be installed
---> Package jakarta-commons-discovery.noarch 1:0.4-5.4.el6 will be installed
---> Package jakarta-commons-httpclient.x86_64 1:3.1-0.7.el6_3 will be installed
---> Package jakarta-commons-logging.noarch 0:1.0.4-10.el6 will be installed
---> Package java-1.5.0-gcj.x86_64 0:1.5.0.0-29.1.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: sinjdoc for package: java-1.5.0-gcj-1.5.0.0-29.1.el6.x86_64
---> Package log4j.x86_64 0:1.2.14-6.4.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: xml-commons-apis for package: log4j-1.2.14-6.4.el6.x86_64
---> Package wsdl4j.noarch 0:1.5.2-7.8.el6 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package sinjdoc.x86_64 0:0.5-9.1.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: java_cup >= 0.10 for package: sinjdoc-0.5-9.1.el6.x86_64
---> Package xml-commons-apis.x86_64 0:1.3.04-3.6.el6 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package java_cup.x86_64 1:0.10k-5.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=================================================================================
Package            Arch      Version             Repository            Size
=================================================================================
Installing:
axis                              noarch        1.2.1-7.5.el6_5            local-package        1.5 M
# 可以看到该rpm包来源于本地的repository，而相关的依赖关系来源于光盘yum源

Installing for dependencies:
classpathx-jaf                    x86_64        1.0-15.4.el6               cdrom-centos6        100 k
classpathx-mail                   noarch        1.1.1-9.4.el6              cdrom-centos6        479 k
jakarta-commons-discovery         noarch        1:0.4-5.4.el6              cdrom-centos6         73 k
jakarta-commons-httpclient        x86_64        1:3.1-0.7.el6_3            cdrom-centos6        587 k
jakarta-commons-logging           noarch        1.0.4-10.el6               cdrom-centos6         52 k
java-1.5.0-gcj                    x86_64        1.5.0.0-29.1.el6           cdrom-centos6        139 k
java_cup                          x86_64        1:0.10k-5.el6              cdrom-centos6        197 k
log4j                             x86_64        1.2.14-6.4.el6             cdrom-centos6        679 k
sinjdoc                           x86_64        0.5-9.1.el6                cdrom-centos6        705 k
wsdl4j                            noarch        1.5.2-7.8.el6              cdrom-centos6        157 k
xml-commons-apis                  x86_64        1.3.04-3.6.el6             cdrom-centos6        439 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install      12 Package(s)

Total download size: 5.0 M
Installed size: 11 M
Is this ok [y/N]:

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