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用法总结:NSArray,NSSet,NSDictionary

2015-02-25 15:52 387 查看
Foundation framework中用于收集cocoa对象(NSObject对象)的三种集合分别是:

NSArray 用于对象有序集合(数组

NSSet 用于对象无序集合 (集合)

NSDictionary用于键值映射(字典

以上三种集合类是不可变的(一旦初始化后,就不能改变)

以下是对应的三种可变集合类(这三种可变集合类是对应上面三种集合类的子类):

NSMutableArray

NSMutableSet

NSMutableDictionary

注:
这些集合类只能容纳cocoa对象(NSOjbect对象),如果想保存一些原始的C数据(例如,int, float, double, BOOL等),则需要将这些原始的C数据封装成NSNumber类型进行存储。NSNumber对象是cocoa对象,可以被保存在集合类中。

=================== NSArray ====================

Ordered collection of objects. Immutable(you cannot add or remove objects to it once it’s created)

Important methods:

+ (id)arrayWithObjects:(id)firstObject, ...; // nil terminated

- (int)count; // 得到array中的对象个数

- (id)objectAtIndex:(int)index; // 得到索引为i的对象

- (BOOL)containsObject:(id)anObject; // 当anObject出现在array中,则返回yes(实际是通过isEqual:方法来判断)

- (unsigned)indexOfObject:(id)anObject; // 查找array中的anObject,并返回其最小索引值。没找到返回NSNotFound.

- (void)makeObjectsPerformSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

- (NSArray *)sortedArrayUsingSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

- (id)lastObject; // 得到array中最后一个对象。如果array中没有任何对象存在,则返回nil

注:

类方法arrayWithObjects 可以创建an autoreleased NSArray of the items.例如

@implementation MyObject

- (NSArray *)coolCats {

return [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@“Steve”, @“Ankush”, @“Sean”, nil];

}

@end

Other convenient create with methods (all return autoreleased objects):

[NSString stringWithFormat:@“Meaning of %@ is %d”, @“life”, 42];

[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:ankush, @“TA”, janestudent, @“Student”, nil];

[NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path];

-----创建数组 -----

//NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",@"Four",nil];

NSArray *monthNames = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"January",@"February",@"March",@"April",@"May",nil];

self.dataArray = array;

[array release];

NSLog(@"self.dataArray count is:%d",[self.dataArray count]);

NSLog(@"self.dataArray index 2 is:%@",[self.dataArray objectAtIndex:2]);

注:初始化一个数组时,经常使用initWithObject
和 initWithObjects。没有s的表示使用一个指针初始化NSArray,初始化后,这个NSArray的实例只有一个数据,所以在调用没有s的函数的时候是不能以nil结束的;但是有s的就不一样了,哪怕只有一个数据,或者没有数据,必须使用一个nil结束。

------ 从一个数组拷贝数据到另一数组(可变数级) -------

//arrayWithArray:

//NSArray *array1 = [[NSArray alloc] init];

NSMutableArray *MutableArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",nil];

NSLog(@"array:%@",array);

MutableArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:array];

NSLog(@"MutableArray:%@",MutableArray);

array1 = [NSArray arrayWithArray:array];

NSLog(@"array1:%@",array1);

//Copy

//id obj;

NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];

NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);

for(int i = 0; i < [oldArray count]; i++) {

obj = [[oldArray objectAtIndex:i] copy];

[newArray addObject: obj];

}

//

NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);

[newArray release];

//快速枚举

//NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:

@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];

NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);

for(id obj in oldArray)

{

[newArray addObject: obj];

}

//

NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);

[newArray release];

//Deep copy

//NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:

@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];

NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);

newArray = (NSMutableArray*)CFPropertyListCreateDeepCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault, (CFPropertyListRef)oldArray, kCFPropertyListMutableContainers);

NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);

[newArray release];

=================== NSMutableArray ====================

Mutable version of NSArray.

- (void)addObject:(id)anObject; // 在array最后添加anObject, 添加nil是非法的.

- (void)addObjectsFromArray:(NSArray *)otherArray; //在array最后把otherArray中的对象依次添加进去。

- (void)insertObject:(id)anObject atIndex:(int)index; //在索引index处插入anObject, 若index被占用,会把之后的object向后移。

- (void)removeObjectAtIndex:(int)index; //删除index处的对象,后面的对象依次向前移。

- (void)removeObject:(id)anObject; // 删除所有和anObject相等的对象,同样使用isEqual:作为相等比较方法.

- (void)removeAllObjects;

注:我们不能把nil加到array中。但有时候我们真想给array加一个空的对象,可以使用NSNull来做这件事。如:

[myArray addObject:[NSNull null]];

-----给数组分配容量-----

//NSArray *array;

array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:20];

-----在数组末尾添加对象-----

//- (void) addObject: (id) anObject;

//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];

[array addObject:@"Four"];

NSLog(@"array:%@",array);

-----删除数组中指定索引处对象-----

//-(void) removeObjectAtIndex: (unsigned) index;

//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];

[array removeObjectAtIndex:1];

NSLog(@"array:%@",array);

----- 数组枚举-----

//1、- (NSEnumerator *)objectEnumerator; //从前向后

//NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];

NSEnumerator *enumerator;

enumerator = [array objectEnumerator];

id thingie;

while (thingie = [enumerator nextObject]) {

NSLog(@"thingie:%@",thingie);

}

//2、- (NSEnumerator *)reverseObjectEnumerator; //从后向前

NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];

NSEnumerator *enumerator;

enumerator = [array reverseObjectEnumerator];

id object;

while (object = [enumerator nextObject]) {

NSLog(@"object:%@",object);

}

//3、快速枚举

NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];

for(NSString *string in array) {

NSLog(@"string:%@",string);

}

----- NSValue(对任何对象进行包装)-----

//将NSRect放入NSArray中

NSMutableArray *array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

NSValue *value;

CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 480);

value = [NSValue valueWithBytes:&rect objCType:@encode(CGRect)];

[array addObject:value];

NSLog(@"array:%@",array);

//从Array中 提取

value = [array objectAtIndex:0];

[value getValue:&rect];

NSLog(@"value:%@",value);

----★使用NSMutableArray要防止内存泄露★------

NSObject* p1 = [[NSObject alloc] init];

NSObject* p2 = [[NSObject alloc] init];

NSMutableArray* objectsArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

[objectsArray addObject:p1];

NSLog(@"p1 count:%d", [p1 retainCount]);//输出 2,也就是执行追加对象后,对象的计数器也被加1

//[p1 release];

//NSLog(@"p1 count:%d", [p1 retainCount]);

//同样做数组替换时

[objectsArray replaceObjectAtIndex:0 withObject:p2];

NSLog(@"p2 count:%d", [p2 retainCount]);//输出 2,同样也是2

NSLog(@"p1 count:%d", [p1 retainCount]);//输出 1,对象p1仍然存在

//[p2 release];

//NSLog(@"p2 count:%d", [p2 retainCount]);

//执行清空数组

[objectsArray removeAllObjects];

NSLog(@"p2 count:%d", [p2 retainCount]);//输出 1,对象p2仍然存在

//[p2 release];

由此可知,每次执行上面的数组操作后,要执行对象release,如上面注释中的语句,才能保证内存不泄露。

=================== NSSet ====================

Unordered collection of objects.

Immutable. You cannot add or remove objects to it once it’s created.

Important methods:

+ setWithObjects:(id)firstObj, ...; // nil terminated

- (int)count;

- (BOOL)containsObject:(id)anObject;

- (id)anyObject;

- (void)makeObjectsPerformSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

- (id)member:(id)anObject; // uses isEqual: and returns a matching object (if any)

=================== NSMutableSet ====================

Mutable version of NSSet. 可修改的集合。主要用于集合运算(并集,交集,差集)

+ (NSMutableSet *)set;

- (void)addObject:(id)anObject;

- (void)removeObject:(id)anObject;

- (void)removeAllObjects;

- (void)unionSet:(NSSet *)otherSet; // 求并集

- (void)minusSet:(NSSet *)otherSet; // 求差集

- (void)intersectSet:(NSSet *)otherSet; // 求交集

=================== NSDictionary====================

一个dictionary就是key-value对的集合。 key是字符串(NSString),value是对象指针。

key在整个dictionary是唯一的。通过方法objectForKey:来获得对应于某个key的一个或多个value(值)。

NSDictionary在创建时,其中所有的key和对应的value都存在了。你可以访问其内容,但不可以修改。

dictionary使用hash表来实现,所以查找速度很快。

- (NSUInteger)hash & - (BOOL)isEqual:(NSObject *)obj

Important methods:

+ dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: (id)firstObject, ...;

- (int)count; // 返回有多少对key-value

- (id)objectForKey:(id)key; //返回和key相关联的value。 如果没有和key相关联的value,则返回nil。

- (NSArray *)allKeys; // 返回一个包含所有key的array

- (NSArray *)allValues;

- NSEnumerator *)keyEnumerator; //这个方法是从一个 dictionary 中得到一个 key 的迭代器.

Enumerators 也就是 iterators 或 enumerations.我们可以使用它来一步一步迭代出集合中的所 有成员.

下面是我们可能使用它来列 举所有的 key- ‐vaule 对

NSEnumerator *e = [myDict keyEnumerator];

for (NSString *s in e) {

NSLog(@"key is %@, value is %@", s, [myDict objectForKey:s]);

}

注:NSArray 也有一个类似的方法得到 array 的成员迭代 器 : objectEnumerator

-----创建字典 -----

//- (id) initWithObjectsAndKeys;

//NSDictionary *dictionary = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:@"One",@"1",@"Two",@"2",@"Three",@"3",nil];

NSString *string = [dictionary objectForKey:@"One"];

NSLog(@"string:%@",string);

NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);

[dictionary release];

================= NSMutableDictionary==================
Mutable version of NSDictionary.

NSMutableDictionary是NSDictionary的子类。创建后,允许用户添加和删除key和value。

+ (NSMutableDictionary *)dictionary; // 创建一个空的dictionary

- (void)setObject:(id)anObject forKey:(id)key; // 使用key和anObject组成一条记录添加到dictionary中

// 如果key已存在,则会先移除旧的key-value,然后再添加新的key-value。

- (void)removeObjectForKey:(id)key; // 从dictionary中删除一条记录,key以及和它对应的value

- (void)removeAllObjects;

- (void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(NSDictionary *)otherDictionary;

-----创建可变字典 -----

//创建

NSMutableDictionary *dictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];

//添加字典

[dictionary setObject:@"One" forKey:@"1"];

[dictionary setObject:@"Two" forKey:@"2"];

[dictionary setObject:@"Three" forKey:@"3"];

[dictionary setObject:@"Four" forKey:@"4"];

NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);

//删除指定的字典

[dictionary removeObjectForKey:@"3"];

NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);
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