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Linux下c++调用自己编写的matlab函数:通过mcc动态链接库.so实现

2015-02-01 16:57 841 查看
之前在这里这里调用了matlab自带的一些函数,是通过matlab引擎来实现的。那里调用的是matlab自带的函数,那么如果想调用自己写的.m函数该怎么办呢?其实很简单,原理类似,方法也不止一种。这篇笔记我先尝试通过mcc将.m函数编译成动态链接库供c++调用的方式。在另一篇笔记中还尝试了另一种途径:通过matlab引擎来实现。其实,调用自己编写的m函数,只是多了一步将自己的matlab函数编译成动态链接库文件(也就类似自带的那种eigen.h和libeng.so)。这里练习了一个小例子,展示从c++中调用matlab里面的自己写的函数。

实验平台:ubuntu 12.04 + g++4.6 + matlab2012a

问题描述:

有一个c++程序main.cpp,和一个matlab函数myFunc.m。现在要做这件事:

1)从main.cpp中传递2个double类型的数值a和b到myFunc.m中

2)myFunc.m中求和(sum = a+b)

3)main.cpp中接收myFunc.m返回的和并输出。

思路:

1)设置matlab的编译器,使用gcc编译器。编译m文件成.so。

2)编译.cpp文件,编译时调用.so库(添加.so的路径到编译选项)。

步骤:

1)将自己的matlab函数(myFunc.m)编译成动态链接库

(1) 设定编译器为gcc,在matlab 命令行依次执行命令mex -setup和mbuild -setup:

>> mex -setup

Options files control which compiler to use, the compiler and link command options, and the runtime libraries to link against.

Using the 'mex -setup' command selects an options file that is
placed in ~/.matlab/R2012a and used by default for 'mex'. An options
file in the current working directory or specified on the command line
overrides the default options file in ~/.matlab/R2012a.

To override the default options file, use the 'mex -f' command
(see 'mex -help' for more information).

The options files available for mex are:

1: /opt/MATLAB/R2012a/bin/mexopts.sh :
Template Options file for building gcc MEX-files

0: Exit with no changes

Enter the number of the compiler (0-1):
1

/opt/MATLAB/R2012a/bin/mexopts.sh is being copied to ~/.matlab/R2012a/mexopts.sh

cp: cannot create regular file `~/.matlab/R2012a/mexopts.sh': Permission denied

**************************************************************************
Warning: The MATLAB C and Fortran API has changed to support MATLAB
variables with more than 2^32-1 elements.  In the near future
you will be required to update your code to utilize the new
API. You can find more information about this at: http://www.mathworks.com/help/techdoc/matlab_external/bsflnue-1.html Building with the -largeArrayDims option enables the new API.
**************************************************************************

>> mbuild -setup

Options files control which compiler to use, the compiler and link command
options, and the runtime libraries to link against.

Using the 'mbuild -setup' command selects an options file that is
placed in ~/.matlab/R2012a and used by default for 'mbuild'. An options
file in the current working directory or specified on the command line
overrides the default options file in ~/.matlab/R2012a.

To override the default options file, use the 'mbuild -f' command (see 'mbuild -help' for more information).

The options files available for mbuild are:

1: /opt/MATLAB/R2012a/bin/mbuildopts.sh :
Build and link with MATLAB Compiler generated library via the system ANSI C/C++ compiler

0: Exit with no changes

Enter the number of the compiler (0-1):
1

/opt/MATLAB/R2012a/bin/mbuildopts.sh is being copied to ~/.matlab/R2012a/mbuildopts.sh

cp: cannot create regular file `~/.matlab/R2012a/mbuildopts.sh': Permission denied
>>

(2) 在matlab中,编写myFunc.m文件内容如下:

function [ C ] = myFunc(A, B)

C = A+B;

end

(3) 生成myFunc.m的动态链接库(.so)

>> mcc -W cpplib:libmyFunc -T link:lib myFunc.m -c
Warning: MATLAB Toolbox Path Cache is out of date and is not being used.
Type 'help toolbox_path_cache' for more info
>>

等待数秒,完成。可以看到myFunc.m所在的目录下生成了多个文件:

$ ls
libmyFunc.cpp  libmyFunc.ctf  libmyFunc.exports  libmyFunc.h  libmyFunc.so  main.cpp  mccExcludedFiles.log  myFunc.m  readme.txt



命令解释:其中-W是控制编译之后的封装格式;cpplib是指编译成C++的lib;cpplib冒号后面是指编译的库的名字;-T表示目标,link:lib表示要连接到一个库文件的目标,目标的名字即是.m函数的名字。-c表明需要生成.ctf文件,比如本例如果不加-c就不会生成“libmyFunc.ctf”。

生成的文件中打开“libmyFunc.h”可以看到一行:

extern LIB_libmyFunc_CPP_API void MW_CALL_CONV myFunc(int nargout, mwArray& C, const mwArray& A, const mwArray& B);

这个就是我们的myFunc.c函数待会儿在c++中调用时的接口。有4个参数,第一个是参数个数,第二个是用来接收函数返回值的,后面2个是从c++中传递进来的变量。我们还会用到“libmyFunc.h”中的另外2个函数:libmyFuncInitialize()初始化,和注销libmyFuncTerminate()。

2)编写main.cpp,代码如下:

#include <iostream>
#include "mclmcr.h"
#include "matrix.h"
#include "mclcppclass.h"
#include "libmyFunc.h"
#include "mclmcrrt.h"

using namespace std;

int main() {

// initialize lib,这里必须做初始化!
if( !libmyFuncInitialize())
{
std::cout << "Could not initialize libmyFunc!" << std::endl;
return -1;
}

// 用户输入2个数值
double a, b;
cout<<"Please input 2 numbers <a b> and then press enter: "<<endl;
cin >> a;
cin >> b;

double c; //used to receive the result

// 为变量分配内存空间, maltab只有一种变量,就是矩阵,为了和c++变量接轨,设置成1*1的矩阵
mwArray mwA(1, 1, mxDOUBLE_CLASS); //1,1表示矩阵的大小, mxDOUBLE_CLASS表示变量的精度
mwArray mwB(1, 1, mxDOUBLE_CLASS);
mwArray mwC(1, 1, mxDOUBLE_CLASS);

// 调用类里面的SetData函数给类赋值
mwA.SetData(&a, 1);
mwB.SetData(&b, 1);

// 调用自己的函数,求和。
myFunc(1, mwC, mwA, mwB);

c = mwC.Get(1, 1);

cout<<"The sum is: "<<c<<endl;

// 后面是一些终止调用的程序
// terminate the lib
libmyFuncTerminate();

// terminate MCR
mclTerminateApplication();

return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}


3)编译main.cpp函数,调用libmyFunc.so

$ g++ -o main -I. -I/opt/MATLAB/R2012a/extern/include -L. -L/opt/MATLAB/R2012a/runtime/glnxa64 main.cpp -lmyFunc -lm -lmwmclmcrrt -lmwmclmcr


开始编译时也遇到一些问题,主要是链接库路径问题导致的编译错误,详细错误汇总在另篇笔记里(点此查看)。

编译成功后,需要装一下MCR Installer,步骤点此

运行结果:

$ ./main
Warning: latest version of matlab app-defaults file not found.
Contact your system administrator to have this file installed
Please input 2 numbers <a b> and then press enter:
10 100
The sum is: 110

$ ./main
Warning: latest version of matlab app-defaults file not found.
Contact your system administrator to have this file installed
Please input 2 numbers <a b> and then press enter:
1 1
The sum is: 2


源代码及编译过程中的所有文件已打包,点击这里可以下载。

参考:

http://www.oschina.net/question/565065_72598
/article/2947202.html
http://developer.51cto.com/art/200909/150944.htm
/article/4753391.html
/article/4711601.html
http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-620659-579845.html
/article/1752674.html
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3165080/how-to-call-matlab-from-c-code
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