虚拟机下ubuntu13.04一些关于安装vim的问题详解

1、问题来源

今天闲来无事，想尝试下linux环境下的python开发，于是在win7上安装了VMware 11.0，然后在虚拟机上安装了ubuntu13.04。要进行python编码，于是选择一款好的编辑工具尤为重，而且一直听说vim是一款不错的编辑器，所以我了准备选择vim来作为我的python编码工具。于是我输入命令vim:效果如下图所示：



看来ubuntu13.04本身自带了vi，而没有vim，于是乎便准备自己下载vim工具；那么所以然后问题就来了，，，当我敲下命令 sudo apt-get install vim时，给我的反馈居然是：



2、解决方案

针对反馈信息，便开始百度查找原因，总结查找资料，主要有两种方案：

方案一

1、首先输入命令sudo apt-get update

2、然后输入命令sudo  apt-get install vim

当我输入sudo apt-get update命令时，得到的反馈信息如下所示：

Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security Release.gpg                     

Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security Release                         

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring Release.gpg                            

Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com raring Release.gpg

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates Release.gpg

Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com raring Release    

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports Release.gpg

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring Release

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates Release              

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports Release            

Err http://extras.ubuntu.com raring/main Sources                     

  404  Not Found

Err http://extras.ubuntu.com raring/main i386 Packages               

  404  Not Found

Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com raring/main Translation-en_US           

Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com raring/main Translation-en              

Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/main Sources          

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/restricted Sources

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/universe Sources

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/multiverse Sources

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/main i386 Packages

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/restricted i386 Packages

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/universe i386 Packages

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/multiverse i386 Packages

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/main Translation-en_US

Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/main Translation-en

Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/multiverse Translation-en_US

Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/multiverse Translation-en

Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/restricted Translation-en_US

Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/restricted Translation-en

Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/universe Translation-en_US

Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/universe Translation-en

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/main Sources    

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/restricted Sources

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe Sources

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/multiverse Sources

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/main i386 Packages

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/restricted i386 Packages

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe i386 Packages

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/multiverse i386 Packages

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/main Translation-en_US

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/main Translation-en

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/multiverse Translation-en_US

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/multiverse Translation-en

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/restricted Translation-en_US

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/restricted Translation-en

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe Translation-en_US

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe Translation-en

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/main Sources

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/restricted Sources

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/universe Sources

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/multiverse Sources

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/main i386 Packages

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/restricted i386 Packages

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/universe i386 Packages

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/multiverse i386 Packages

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/main Translation-en_US

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/main Translation-en

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/multiverse Translation-en_US

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/multiverse Translation-en

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/restricted Translation-en_US

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/restricted Translation-en

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/universe Translation-en_US

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/universe Translation-en

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/main Sources

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/restricted Sources

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/universe Sources

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/multiverse Sources

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/main i386 Packages

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/restricted i386 Packages

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/universe i386 Packages

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/multiverse i386 Packages

  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/main Translation-en_US

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/main Translation-en

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/multiverse Translation-en_US

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/multiverse Translation-en

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/restricted Translation-en_US

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/restricted Translation-en

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/universe Translation-en_US

Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com raring-backports/universe Translation-en

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/main/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/restricted/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/universe/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/multiverse/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/main/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/restricted/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/universe/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/main/source/Sources  404  Not Found

W: Failed to fetch http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/main/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/main/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/restricted/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/universe/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/multiverse/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/main/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/restricted/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/universe/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/main/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/restricted/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/universe/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/multiverse/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/main/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/restricted/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/universe/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-backports/main/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-backports/restricted/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-backports/universe/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-backports/multiverse/source/Sources  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-backports/main/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-backports/restricted/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-backports/universe/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-backports/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.13 80]

E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

于是这种方案没能解决我的问题，于是只能采用方案二。

方案二：

在方案一中，仅仅输入sudo apt-get update，更新 源(/etc/apt/source.list文件)也不一定能解决问题，因为这些源可能不包含vim安装包，所以方案二的主要思想是换 源，即替换/etc/apt/sources.list文件内容，于是我网上查找ubuntu13.04的 源，试过了好多源，依然出现类似上述红色字体的错误，直到用如下这个源，情况才有所改善，该源是ubuntu10.04的源:

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 10.04.3 LTS _Lucid Lynx_ - Release amd64 (20110720.1)]/ lucid main restricted

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to

# newer versions of the distribution.

deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid main restricted

deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the

## distribution.

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu

## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any

## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.

deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid universe

deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 

## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 

## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 

## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu

## security team.

deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid multiverse

deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports'

## repository.

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as

## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes

## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.

## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review

## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.

# deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's

## 'partner' repository.

## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the

## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.

# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid partner

# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid partner

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ lucid partner

deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ lucid partner

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid partner

deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid partner

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ lucid partner

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid-security restricted main multiverse universer

替换掉原有的的源后，输入命令：sudo apt-get update 反馈信息如下图所示：

Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com lucid Release.gpg [189 B]

Get:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com lucid Release [57.2 kB]                     

Get:3 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com lucid/main Sources [659 kB]                 

Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com lucid-security Release.gpg [198 B]         

Get:5 http://security.ubuntu.com lucid-security Release [57.3 kB]           

Hit http://archive.canonical.com lucid Release.gpg                             

Get:6 http://archive.canonical.com lucid Release.gpg [198 B]                   

Hit http://archive.canonical.com lucid Release                                 

Get:7 http://archive.canonical.com lucid Release [8,215 B]                     

Get:8 http://archive.canonical.com lucid/partner Sources [8,247 B]             

Get:9 http://security.ubuntu.com lucid-security/restricted i386 Packages [2,881 B]

Hit http://archive.canonical.com lucid/partner i386 Packages                   

Get:10 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com lucid/restricted Sources [3,775 B]         

Get:11 http://archive.canonical.com lucid/partner Sources [8,247 B]            

Get:12 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com lucid/universe Sources [3,165 kB]          

Get:13 http://security.ubuntu.com lucid-security/main i386 Packages [612 kB]   

Get:14 http://archive.canonical.com lucid/partner i386 Packages [14.6 kB]      

Ign http://archive.canonical.com lucid/partner Translation-en_US               

Ign http://archive.canonical.com lucid/partner Translation-en                  

Ign http://archive.canonical.com lucid/partner Translation-en_US               

Ign http://archive.canonical.com lucid/partner Translation-en                  

Get:15 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com lucid/multiverse Sources [119 kB]          

Get:16 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com lucid/main i386 Packages [1,386 kB]        

Get:17 http://security.ubuntu.com lucid-security/multiverse i386 Packages [5,382 B]

Get:18 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com lucid/restricted i386 Packages [6,208 B]   

Get:19 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com lucid/universe i386 Packages [5,448 kB]    

Get:20 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com lucid/multiverse i386 Packages [180 kB]    

Ign http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com lucid/main Translation-en_US                  

Ign http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com lucid/main Translation-en                     

Ign http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com lucid/multiverse Translation-en_US            

Ign http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com lucid/multiverse Translation-en               

Ign http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com lucid/restricted Translation-en_US            

Ign http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com lucid/restricted Translation-en               

Ign http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com lucid/universe Translation-en_US              

Ign http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com lucid/universe Translation-en                 

Fetched 11.7 MB in 1min 42s (115 kB/s)                                         

W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/lucid-security/Release  Unable to find expected entry 'universer/binary-i386/Packages' in Release file (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file)

E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

然后，我输入 sudo apt-get install vim 命令，反馈信息如下所示：



针对这个问题，解决方案是输入命令：sudo apt-get purge vim-common,命令执行后效果如图所示：



接着就可以输入命令：sudo apt-get install vim 就可以成功地安装vim了（由于安装需要下载相关资源，所以安装过程需要一段时间，我大概花了十分钟左右）

为庆祝终于解决了这个问题，最后附上一张vim打开效果图：



另附一个ubuntu13.04不错的 源 ：

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy
main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy-security
main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy-updates
main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy-proposed
main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy-backports
main restricted universe multiverse