mysql的主从、半主从、主主复制配置详细

MySQL的主从、半主从、主主复制配置详细

实验拓扑图模型：



############################【实验MySQL服务器的主从复制：】#######################################

###########################修改主配置文件##########################################
[root@director2 ~ ]#vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
42 thread_concurrency= 8
43 innodb_file_per_table = on
44 datadir = /mydata                      ###############库目录
45 skip_name_resolve = on                 ###############不反解主机名
59 log-bin=mysql-bin                      ###############启用二进制日志
67 server-id   = 1                        ###############唯一ID

[root@director2 ~ ]# chkconfig --list mysqld            #####保证mysqld的开启自启动
mysqld   0:off        1:off        2:on        3:on        4:on        5:on        6:off

############################授权一个有复制权限的用户##############################################

mysql> grant replication client,replication slave on *.* to 'cpuser'@'172.16.249.106' identified by "magedu";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

###########################从节点准备#############################################################

[root@node2 ~ ]# groupadd -g 306 mysql
[root@node2 ~ ]# useradd -g 306 -u 306 mysql
[root@node2 ~ ]# mkdir /mydata
[root@node2 ~ ]# cd /mydata/
[root@node2 / ]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/
[root@node2 / ]# chmod -R a+w /mydata/

###################主节点：把mysql文件传输给主节点################################################

[root@node2 mysql ]#id mysql
uid=306(mysql) gid=306(mysql) groups=306(mysql)
[root@node2 mysql ]#ll /mydata
total 0
[root@node2 mysql ]#ll -d /mydata
drwxrwxrwx 2 mysql
mysql 4096 Jan 23 11:03 /mydata
[root@node2 mysql ]#mkdir /etc/mysql
[root@node2 mysql ]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata ###初始化
[root@director2 ~ ]# scp /etc/mysql/my.cnf 172.16.249.106:/etc/mysql/  ###把主节点的配置文件拷贝过来
[root@node2 / ]# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf               ####编辑从节点的配置文件
59 #log-bin=mysql-bin                                ####从节点不启用二禁止日志
67 server-id   = 20                                 ####server-id保持唯一
68 relay-log = relay-bin                            ####从节点开启中继日志
69 read-only =on                      ####只读模式开启（注意：这个只能限制普通用户）

方法二：此处也可以直接施加读锁。在mysql> lock tables testdb read;

mysql> show variables like 'relay%';        #####中继日志开启了
+-----------------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name         | Value              |
+-----------------------+--------------------+
|
relay_log             | relay-bin            |
|
relay_log_index       |                      |
|
relay_log_info_file   | relay-log.info       |
|
relay_log_purge       | ON                   |
|
relay_log_recovery    | OFF                  |
|
relay_log_space_limit | 0                    |
+-----------------------+--------------------+
mysql> show variables like "read%";
#############只读模式开启
+----------------------+---------------------+
|
Variable_name        | Value                 |
+----------------------+---------------------+
|
read_buffer_size     | 1048576               |
|
read_only            | ON                    |
|
read_rnd_buffer_size | 4194304               |
+----------------------+---------------------+

#############################至此主从各单个节点配置结束######################################## #############################配置从连接主############################################################主节点查看二进制文件的存储位置

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB |
Binlog_Ignore_DB |                                            |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 |   501    |              |                  |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.04 sec)
######################################建立主从连接#######################################
mysql> change master to master_host='172.16.249.122',master_user='cpuser',master_password='magedu',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=501;

mysql> show slave status\G;              #####查看当前从节点状态
***************************1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host:172.16.249.122
Master_User: cpuser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File:mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos:501
Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 529
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes               ###IO线程启用
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes              ###SQL线程已经启用

#############################################测试结果####################################################主节点创建库

mysql> create database testdb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> use testdb;
Database changed

此时从节点已经同步了：

############################################创建一个表############################################

mysql> create table students(id tinyint unsigned not null auto_increment unique key);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.25 sec)

总结步骤：：：【主服务器】1，主服务器的server-id,保持唯一。2，开启二进制日志。3，授权一个可以复制的用户，最小权限使用，指向从服务器最好。【从服务器】1，关闭二进制日志，开启中继日志2，保持唯一的server-id3，为了防止从服务器写入数据，开启只读模式。4，连接主服务器，指定主服务器Ip,授权的用户，密码，上一次的二进制文件的位置。5，开启IO,SQL线程。########################################【半主从模式】######################################################此处的半主从是在主从的基础上的半同步：1，条件是有一个从服务器，他和主服务器同样的写同步，如果同步超时，把这个从这个从节点降级为异步。恢复正常的状态。【完成半同步，需要的是步骤是各自的插件】

[root@node2 plugin]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin
[root@node2 plugin ]# semisync_master.so(主节点的插件)   semisync_slave.so （从节点的插）

主节点：安装插件此时全局参数变多了

mysql> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_master soname 'semisync_master.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.15 sec)
mysql> show global variables like '%semi%';
#####安装好了之后，生成很多变量
+------------------------------------+---------------------+
| Variable_name                      |   Value             |
+------------------------------------+---------------------+
| rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled       | OFF                 | 表示虽然安装，但是没有启用
| rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout       | 10000               |  ###探测主的超时时长
| rpl_semi_sync_master_trace_level   | 32                  | ####追踪级别
| rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave | ON                  | ####等待从服务器的上线的时间
+------------------------------------+---------------------+
mysql> set global rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1; #####启用这个插件
Query OK, 0 rows
affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set global
rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=2000;
Query OK, 0 rows
affected (0.00 sec)

【从节点安装插件配置】

mysql> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_slave soname 'semisync_slave.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
mysql> show global variables like '%semi%';
+---------------------------------+-------------------+
|Variable_name                    | Value             |
+---------------------------------+-------------------+
| rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled     | OFF               | ###插件未启用
| rpl_semi_sync_slave_trace_level | 32                |
+---------------------------------+-------------------+
mysql> set global rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1;
####启用插件
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

###############################至此两个节点的插件全部安装，启用完毕###############################

mysql> show
global status like '%semi%';
+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
|Variable_name                               | Value                       |
+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients               | 0                           |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time     | 0                           |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time         | 0                           |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits             | 0                           |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times              | 0                           |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx                 | 0                           |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_status                | ON                          |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures     | 0                           |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time      | 0                           |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time          | 0                           |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits              | 0                           |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0                           |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions         | 0                           |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx                | 0                           |
+--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
mysql> stop slave
IO_THREAD;
Query OK, 0 rows
affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> start
slave IO_THREAD;
Query OK, 0 rows
affected (0.00 sec)

再次查看已经启用了。下面直接测试使用即可######


##################################【实验二双主模式的实现】#######################################################还是用的之前两台主机，重新初始化重新配置1，双节点各自使用不同的server id 2, 都启用binlog 和relay log3，自动自动增长的id字段的增长特殊定义：3, 都授权有复制权限的用户账号修改节点一的配置文件节点一：配置文件

[root@director2 ~ ]#vim .my.cnf
59 log-bin=mysql-bin                          ####开启二进制日志
67 server-id = 10                             ####服务器唯一ID
68 relay-log=relay-bin                         ####开启中继日志，因为互为主从
69 auto_increment_offset=1             ####指定日志的初始偏移量
70 auto_increment_increment=2     ####每次的偏移步长
[root@director2 bin ]# mysql
mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'cpuser'@'%' identified by 'magedu';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)   ####给节点授权一个可链接用户
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------------------------+
|File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------------------------+
|mysql-bin.000003  |     1796 |              |                                    |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------------------------+
mysql> change master to master_host='172.16.249.106',master_user='cpuser',master_password='magedu',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=493;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
mysql> start slave;

【节点二的配置文件】

59 log-bin=mysql-bin                       ####开启二进制日志
67 server-id   = 20                             ####区别节点一的ID
68 relay-log = relay-bin                    ####开启中继日志（也有从的角色）
69 auto-increment_offset =2         ####自增其实位置
70 auto-increment_increment=2  ####自增的步长
[root@node2 mysql ]# mysql
mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'cpuser'@'%' identified by'magedu';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> change master to
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------+
|File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB              |
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------+
|mysql-bin.000001  |      493 |              |                               |
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------+
master_host='172.16.249.122',master_user='cpuser',master_password='magedu',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=1796;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
mysql> start slave;

##################节点一创建数据库tb1

##################节点二可以立即同步

##################节点二：在这个库里面创建表

##################并且插入数据1

##################节点一，已经同步



至此双主模式模式也实现完毕！！！！！！！！！！！！！