Position beyond number of declared ordinal parameters. Remember that ordinal parameters are 1-based!

今天在用hibernate查询时，偶尔发现了一个问题：

org.hibernate.QueryParameterException: Position beyond number of declared ordinal parameters. Remember that ordinal parameters are 1-based! Position: 1

于是展开问题的解决方案搜索。

首先先解释一下，Hibernate 参数查询

第一种：

public User validate(String userName, String password) {
String hql = "from User where userName =:userName and password =:password";
User user = null;
Object[] values = {userName, password};
String[] paramNames = {"userName", "password"};
List<User> list = ht.findByNamedParam(hql, paramNames, values);
if (list.size()!=0){
user = list.get(0);
}
return user;
}

第二种：

public User validate(String userName, String password) {
String hql = "from User u where u.userName = ? and u.password = ?";
User user = null;

  List<User> list = ht.find(hql, new Object[]{userName, password});
if (list.size()!=0){
user = list.get(0);
}
return user;
}

两种方法：find()
和 findByNameParam()  

from User u ...... u可写可不写

总结：

当用"?"的时候，必须 ht.***("", new Object(*));  否则会出现异常：这是因为一个占位符，只能给一个对象！！

org.hibernate.QueryParameterException: Position beyond number of declared ordinal parameters. Remember that ordinal parameters are 1-based! Position: 1

当用"=:"的时候，必须定义参数 parameters，values。ht.***("", parameters, values);
参考博客：http://blog.csdn.net/learntech/article/details/8505099
参考百度提问：http://zhidao.baidu.com/link?url=gnKMDNFKeKh3VMkT6IqJSkDtGJgUsOfQYkRV6Qi1YTRYDGA4M9h9Yz5UcbUuSU2AP4F0fBORjFlIdafRrUBzs_