linux-expect之无需输入密码自动登录

expect自动登录ssh,ftpexpect是一种能够按照脚本内容里面设定的方式与交互式程序进行“会话”的程序。根据脚本内容，Expect可以知道程序会提示或反馈什么内容以及什么是正确的应答。它是一种可以提供“分支和嵌套结构”来引导程序流程的解释型脚本语言。 shell功能很强大,但是不能实现有交互功能的多机器之前的操作,例如ssh和ftp.而expect可以帮助我们来实现.一,安装expect1. [root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy]#yum install expect 或 apt-get istall expect其实expect根bash形势上差不多的.二,实例1,ssh实现自动登录,并停在登录服务器上[root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy]# cat test.exp1. #!/usr/bin/expect -f 2. set ip [lindex $argv 0 ] //接收第一个参数,并设置IP 3. set password [lindex $argv 1 ] //接收第二个参数,并设置密码 4. set timeout 10 //设置超时时间 5. spawn ssh root@$ip //发送ssh登录请求 6. expect { //返回信息匹配 7. "*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue} //第一次ssh连接会提示yes/no,发送yes，继续 8. "*password:" { send "$password\r" } //出现密码提示,发送密码 9. } 10. interact //交互模式,用户会停留在远程服务器上面. 运行结果如下:1. [root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy]# ./test.exp 192.168.1.130 admin 2. spawn ssh root@192.168.1.130 3. Last login: Fri Sep 7 10:47:43 2012 from 192.168.1.142 这个例子有统一的接口,根据IP和密码可以连接到不同的机器.如果你嫌输入IP和密码麻烦,看下面的例子1. #!/usr/bin/expect -f 2. set ip 192.168.1.130 3. set password admin 4. set timeout 10 5. spawn ssh root@$ip 6. expect { 7. "*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue} 8. "*password:" { send "$password\r" } 9. } 10. interact 运行结果如下:1. [root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy]# ./web.exp 2. spawn ssh root@192.168.1.130 3. Last login: Fri Sep 7 12:59:02 2012 from 192.168.1.142 4. [root@linux ~]# 2,ssh远程登录到服务器,并且执行命令,执行完后并退出1. #!/usr/bin/expect -f 2. set ip 192.168.1.130 3. set password admin 4. set timeout 10 5. spawn ssh root@$ip 6. expect { 7. "*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue} 8. "*password:" { send "$password\r" } 9. } 10. expect "#*" 11. send "pwd\r" 12. send "exit\r" 13. expect eof 运行结果如下:1. root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy# ./test3.exp 2. spawn ssh root@192.168.1.130 3. root@192.168.1.130's password: 4. Last login: Fri Sep 7 14:05:07 2012 from 116.246.27.90 5. [root@localhost ~]# pwd 6. /root 7. [root@localhost ~]# exit 8. logout 9. Connection to 192.168.1.130 closed. 3,远程登录到ftp,并且下载文件1. #!/usr/bin/expect -f 2. set ip [lindex $argv 0 ] 3. set dir [lindex $argv 1 ] 4. set file [lindex $argv 2 ] 5. set timeout 10 6. spawn ftp $ip 7. expect "Name*" 8. send "zwh\r" 9. expect "Password:*" 10. send "zwh\r" 11. expect "ftp>*" 12. send "lcd $dir\r" 13. expect { 14. "*file" { send_user "local $_dir No such file or directory";send "quit\r" } 15. "*now*" { send "get $dir/$file $dir/$file\r"} 16. } 17. expect { 18. "*Failed" { send_user "remote $file No such file";send "quit\r" } 19. "*OK" { send_user "$file has been download\r";send "quit\r"} 20. } 21. expect eof 运行结果如下:1. root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy# ./test2.exp 192.168.1.130 /var/www/www aaa.html 2. spawn ftp 192.168.1.130 3. Connected to 192.168.1.130. 4. 220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5) 5. Name (192.168.1.130:root): zwh 6. 331 Please specify the password. 7. Password: 8. 230 Login successful. 9. Remote system type is UNIX. 10.Using binary mode to transfer files. 11.ftp> lcd /var/www/www 12.Local directory now /var/www/www 13.ftp> get /var/www/www/aaa.html /var/www/www/aaa.html 14.local: /var/www/www/aaa.html remote: /var/www/www/aaa.html 15.200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 16.150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for /var/www/www/aaa.html (66 bytes). 17.226 File send OK. 18.66 bytes received in 0.00 secs (515.6 kB/s) 19.quit aaa.html has been download 20.221 Goodbye. 4、线上实例：
#vim /root/sh/getqq
#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 300
set date [execdate "+%Y-%m-%d"]
set password[lindex $argv 0]
spawn scp -P 2300a_hexi@116.22.31.12:/data/MNET/m_jinghe/mainGameLog.$date.log /data/ppmcb3log
expect {
"(yes/no)?"
{
send "yes\n"
expect "*assword:" { send"$password\n"}
}
"*assword:"
{
send "$password\n"
}
}
expect"100%"
expect eof
#vim /root/sh/getwx
#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 300
set date [execdate "+%Y-%m-%d"]
set password[lindex $argv 0]
spawn scp –P2300a_hexi@116.22.31.12:/data/MNET/m_jinghe/tencent.$date.tar
/data/ppmcb3log
expect {
"(yes/no)?"
{
send "yes\n"
expect "*assword:" { send"$password\n"}
}
"*assword:"
{
send "$password\n"
}
}
expect"100%"
expect eof
#vim /root/sh/log.sh
#! /bin/sh
date=$(date +%F)
/root/sh/getwx cderf#34 //执行上一个脚本，并附带参数（密码）
/root/sh/getqq cderf#34
cd/data/ppmcb3log
tar zxvftencent.$date.tar

python/home/ubuntu/backend-log/ppmlogs/backend/utils/parse_tlog.py
python/home/ubuntu/backend-log/ppmlogs/backend/utils/maingame.py
将log.sh放入计划任务定期执行：
#crontab -e
*/15 * * * * root /root/sh/log.sh