使用innobackupex在线增量备份及恢复mysql数据库

在线热备份有免费开源的,也收费的产品,在这里我们值讨论免费的产品，支持热备的的软件mysqlLVM以及接下来的这款Xtrabackup;Xtrabackup是由percona开发的一个开源软件，它是innodb热备工具ibbackup（收费的商业软件）的一个开源替代品。Xtrabackup由个部分组成:xtrabackup和innobackupex，其中xtrabackup工具用于备份innodb和xtraDB引擎的表；而innobackupex工具用于备份myisam和innodb引擎的表，本文将介绍如何用innobackupex工具做全量和增量备份。

注意：innobackupex 增量备份仅针对InnoDB这类支持事务的引擎，对于MyISAM等引擎，则仍然是全备。

一、安装解压1.安装数据库

官网：http://www.percona.com下载地址：http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/XtraBackup/XtraBackup-2.0.8/binary/Linux/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-2.0.8-587.tar.gzyum -y install mysql mysql-libs mysql-server MySQL-python

2.创建数据库

create database dotatest;mysql -uroot -p dotatest > zhan_data.sqlpython mysql_update.py --host localhost --user root --passwd "" --db dotatestuse dotatest;show tables;desc item;insert into item (player, item, count) values (1, 1, 1 );    插入一条数据insert into item (player, item, count) values (2, 2, 2 );select * from item;

3.安装依赖包(如果安装新版本需要安装)

yum install cmake gcc gcc-c++ libaio libaio-devel automake autoconf bzr bison libtool ncurses-devel zlib-devel libgcrypt libgcrypt-devel perl-Time-HiRes

4.解压安装

[root@localhost home]# tar xf percona-xtrabackup-2.0.8-587.tar.gz[root@localhost home]# mysql --versionmysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.61, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1[root@localhost percona-xtrabackup-2.0.8]# pwd/home/percona-xtrabackup-2.0.8[root@localhost percona-xtrabackup-2.0.8]# cp bin/innobackupex        xbstream            xtrabackup_51       xtrabackup_56innobackupex-1.5.1  xtrabackup          xtrabackup_55[root@localhost percona-xtrabackup-2.0.8]# cp bin/innobackupex /usr/bin/[root@localhost percona-xtrabackup-2.0.8]# cp bin/xtrabackup* /usr/bin/

二、常规备份文件以及对单个数据库备份

备份全部数据库[root@localhost /]# mkdir /home/data/backup/[root@localhost /]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root  /home/data/backup/--defaults-file 指定mysql的配置文件--user 指定用户/home/data/backup/ 备份文件的路径需要注意的是 如果不指定--defaults-file 默认会读取/etc/my.cnf。如果你的配置文件是自定义的,那么一定要指定目录,然后会在目录下创建一个时间戳的目录(我们本次创建的/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_11-08-23)查看备份是否成功[root@localhost /]# cd /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_11-08-23/[root@localhost 2014-03-11_11-08-23]# pwd/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_11-08-23[root@localhost 2014-03-11_11-08-23]# lsbackup-my.cnf  ibdata1  test               xtrabackup_binlog_info  xtrabackup_logfiledotatest       mysql    xtrabackup_binary  xtrabackup_checkpoints  zabbix[root@localhost 2014-03-11_11-08-23]#只针对一个数据库备份--database 是指定需要备份的数据库[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --user=root  --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --database=dotatest  /home/data/backup/

三、常规恢复数据库恢复之前先停止数据库,并且要删除数据和日志文件

01.首先停止数据库[root@localhost 2014-03-11_16-52-44]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld stopStopping mysqld:                                           [  OK  ][root@localhost 2014-03-11_16-52-44]#

02.备份删除mysql文件[root@localhost lib]# cp -a mysql/ mysql.bak[root@localhost lib]# lsalternatives  dav   dhclient  games             misc     mysql      nfs  plymouth  postfix  random-seed  rpm      statelesauthconfig    dbus  fprint    logrotate.status  mlocate  mysql.bak  ntp  polkit-1  prelink  readahead    rsyslog  udev[root@localhost lib]# cd mysql[root@localhost mysql]# lsdotatest  ibdata1  ib_logfile0  ib_logfile1  mysql  test  zabbix[root@localhost mysql]# rm -rf *

03.来恢复文件恢复文件分两步，第1步是apply-log，为了加快速度，一般建议设置--use-memory，这个步骤完成之后，目录/backup/mysql/data/2013-10-29_09-05-25下的备份文件已经准备就绪。因为我们的文件比较少,因此我们不需要设置--user-memory产数文件第2步是copy-back，即把备份文件拷贝至原数据目录下。

[root@localhost mysql]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root  --apply-log /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44/[root@localhost mysql]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --copy-back /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44/

04.修改权限 启动服务[root@localhost lib]# chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/ -R[root@localhost lib]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld startStarting mysqld: [ OK ][root@localhost lib]#四、配置增量备份增量备份及其恢复注意：innobackupex 增量备份仅针对InnoDB这类支持事务的引擎，对于MyISAM等引擎，则仍然是全备。01.首先在数据库插入一条数据

mysql> use dotatest;Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changedmysql> select * from item;+----+--------+------+-------+| id | player | item | count |+----+--------+------+-------+|  1 |      1 |    1 |     1 ||  2 |      2 |    2 |     2 |+----+--------+------+-------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into item (player, item, count) values (3, 3, 3 );Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from item;+----+--------+------+-------+| id | player | item | count |+----+--------+------+-------+|  1 |      1 |    1 |     1 ||  2 |      2 |    2 |     2 ||  3 |      3 |    3 |     3 |+----+--------+------+-------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

02.增量备份是基于一个数据库的全部备份文件的，在刚才我们备份了一个全备份，我们现在的增量备份就基于刚才的全部备份来做(2014-03-11_16-52-44)需要注意如下两个参数：--incremental-basedir指向全备目录;--incremental指向增量备份的目录;

[root@localhost backup]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --incremental-basedir=/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44/ --incremental /home/data/backup/……略……innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_17-33-57'innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename '', position140311 17:34:16  innobackupex: completed OK!

03.查看是否有备份文件,最新的配置文件就是我们刚才的增量备份文件

[root@localhost backup]# pwd/home/data/backup[root@localhost backup]# ls2014-03-11_16-52-44  2014-03-11_17-33-57[root@localhost backup]#在如下的文件中我们可以发现增量备份的文件from_lsn刚好等于全部备份的to_lsn[root@localhost 2014-03-11_17-33-57]# cat xtrabackup_checkpoints    增量备份文件backup_type = incremental （增量备份）from_lsn = 657645to_lsn = 659090last_lsn = 659090[root@localhost 2014-03-11_17-33-57]# cat ../2014-03-11_16-52-44/xtrabackup_checkpoints     全局备份backup_type = full-prepared（全备）from_lsn = 0to_lsn = 657645last_lsn = 657645[root@localhost 2014-03-11_17-33-57]#

五、在增量备份的基础上再做增量备份

在备份之前我们在item表中再插入数据mysql> insert into item (player, item, count) values (4, 4, 4 );Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)mysql> select * from item;+----+--------+------+-------+| id | player | item | count |+----+--------+------+-------+|  1 |      1 |    1 |     1 ||  2 |      2 |    2 |     2 ||  3 |      3 |    3 |     3 ||  4 |      4 |    4 |     4 |+----+--------+------+-------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

在增量备份的基础上再做增量备份，我们需要添加如下参数--incremental-basedir执行上一次增量备份的目录

如下备份：[root@localhost 2014-03-11_17-33-57]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --incremental-basedir=/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_17-33-57/ --incremental /home/data/backup/………中间部分略………innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_18-03-54'innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename '', position140311 18:04:13  innobackupex: completed OK!innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_18-10-13'innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename '', position140311 18:10:31  innobackupex: completed OK!

然后来查看lsn号来：

[root@localhost 2014-03-11_18-10-13]# cat xtrabackup_checkpointsbackup_type = incrementalfrom_lsn = 659090to_lsn = 659214last_lsn = 659090[root@localhost 2014-03-11_18-10-13]# cat ../2014-03-11_17-33-57/backup-my.cnf           ibdata1.meta            xtrabackup_binary       xtrabackup_logfiledotatest/               mysql/                  xtrabackup_binlog_info  zabbix/ibdata1.delta           test/                   xtrabackup_checkpoints[root@localhost 2014-03-11_18-10-13]# cat ../2014-03-11_17-33-57/xtrabackup_checkpointsbackup_type = incrementalfrom_lsn = 657645to_lsn = 659090last_lsn = 659090[root@localhost 2014-03-11_18-10-13]#

六、恢复增量数据库

停止数据库[root@localhost backup]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld stopStopping mysqld:                                           [  OK  ][root@localhost backup]#备份数据库[root@localhost lib]# mv mysql mysql.bak.2[root@localhost lib]# pwd/var/lib[root@localhost lib]#

这个恢复比恢复全部备份稍微复杂点,接下来我们来恢复,如果有多个增量备份,需要叠加就可以

innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only BASE-DIR   BASE-DIR指完整的全部备份目录innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only BASE-DIR --incremental-dir=INCREMENTAL-DIR-1           INCREMENTAL-DIR-1指第一次增量备份的目录innobackupex --apply-log BASE-DIR --incremental-dir=INCREMENTAL-DIR-2                       BASE-DIR指完整的全部备份目录 INCREMENTAL-DIR-2第二次增量备份的目录

01.在我们的环境中我们来执行如下操作,因为我们只有两次的增量备份如下即可：

innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44/innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44 --incremental-dir=/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_17-33-57/innobackupex --apply-log /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44/ --incremental-dir=/home/data/backup/2014-03-11_18-10-13/

02.回滚未完成的日志(需要注意的是恢复的时候,我们只恢复全备份文件就可以了)

innobackupex --apply-log /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44/innobackupex --copy-back /home/data/backup/2014-03-11_16-52-44/

03.授权启动

[root@localhost lib]# chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql -R[root@localhost lib]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld startStarting mysqld:                                           [  OK  ][root@localhost lib]#

04.检查备份是否回来

mysql> use dotatest;Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changedmysql> select * from item;+----+--------+------+-------+| id | player | item | count |+----+--------+------+-------+|  1 |      1 |    1 |     1 ||  2 |      2 |    2 |     2 ||  3 |      3 |    3 |     3 ||  4 |      4 |    4 |     4 |+----+--------+------+-------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>