[leetcode]3Sum

问题描述：

Given an array S of n integers, are there elements
a, b, c in S such that a + b +
c = 0? Find all unique triplets in the array which gives the sum of zero.

Note:

Elements in a triplet (a,b,c) must be in non-descending order. (ie,
a ≤ b ≤ c)
The solution set must not contain duplicate triplets.

For example, given array S = {-1 0 1 2 -1 -4},

A solution set is:
(-1, 0, 1)
(-1, -1, 2)

基本思路：

此题最naiev的做法是3层循环遍历所有可能的情况。此时时间复杂度是O(n^3);

较好的做法是对num数组排序。然后外层设置1层循环，内层即可看作求两个数的和为给定值的问题。(注意：此时的数组是有序的呦！较好的用好这个序关系就可以在O（n）的时间内解决2Sum问题。)。该方法最终的时间复杂度是O(n^2).

代码：

vector<vector<int> > threeSum(vector<int> &num) { //C++
vector<vector<int> > res;
if (num.size() <= 2) return res;
sort(num.begin(), num.end());
int twoSum;
for (int i = 0; i < num.size() - 2;)
{
int l = i + 1, r = num.size() - 1;
twoSum = 0 - num[i];
while (l < r)
{
if (num[l] + num[r] < twoSum) l++;
else if (num[l] + num[r] == twoSum)
{
vector<int> three(3);
three[0] = num[i];
three[1] = num[l];
three[2] = num[r];
res.push_back(three);
do { l++; }while (l < r && num[l - 1] == num[l]);
do { r--; }while (l < r && num[r + 1] == num[r]);
}
else r--;
}
do{ i++; }while (i < num.size() - 1 && num[i - 1] == num[i]);
}
sort(res.begin(),res.end());
return res;
}