.NET 调用存储过程详解

今天做项目，发现用存储过程比较实用。

当字段动态拼接时：

--1. 使用 EXEC 实现的动态参数存储过程
CREATE PROC p_test
@para1 varchar(10)=null,
@para2 varchar(10)=null,
@para3 varchar(10)=null,
@para4 varchar(10)=null
AS
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @sql varchar(8000)
SET @sql='SELECT * FROM tbname WHERE 1=1'
IF @para1 IS NOT NULL
SET @sql=@sql+' AND col1='''+@para1+''''
IF @para2 IS NOT NULL
SET @sql=@sql+' AND col2='''+@para2+''''
IF @para3 IS NOT NULL
SET @sql=@sql+' AND col3='''+@para3+''''
IF @para4 IS NOT NULL
SET @sql=@sql+' AND col4='''+@para4+''''
EXEC(@sql)
GO

/*======================================================*/

--2. 使用 sp_executesql 实现的动态参数存储过程
CREATE PROC p_test
@para1 varchar(10)=null,
@para2 datetime=null,
@para3 varchar(10)=null,
@para4 int=null
AS
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @sql nvarchar(4000)
SET @sql='SELECT * FROM tbname WHERE 1=1'
+CASE WHEN @para1 IS NULL THEN '' ELSE ' AND col1=@para1' END
+CASE WHEN @para2 IS NULL THEN '' ELSE ' AND col2=@para2' END
+CASE WHEN @para3 IS NULL THEN '' ELSE ' AND col3=@para3' END
+CASE WHEN @para4 IS NULL THEN '' ELSE ' AND col4=@para4' END
EXEC sp_executesql @sql,N'
@para1 varchar(10)=null,
@para2 datetime=null,
@para3 varchar(10)=null,
@para4 int=null
',@para1,@para2,@para3,@para4
GO

/*======================================================*/

--3. 不使用动态 Transact-SQL 语句实现的动态参数存储过程
CREATE PROC p_test
@para1 varchar(10)=null,
@para2 datetime=null,
@para3 varchar(10)=null,
@para4 int=null
AS
SET NOCOUNT ON
SELECT * FROM tbname
WHERE (@para1 IS NULL OR col1=@para1)
AND (@para2 IS NULL OR col2=@para2)
AND (@para3 IS NULL OR col3=@para3)
AND (@para4 IS NULL OR col4=@para4)

然后查找了一下存储过程，参照如下文章：
http://www.cnblogs.com/SkySoot/archive/2012/02/10/2345185.html
配置 App.config (注: 本文使用 Northwind 数据库为例)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>

<configuration>

<connectionStrings>

<add name="NorthwindConnectionString" connectionString="Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=Northwind;Integrated Security=True"

providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />

</connectionStrings>

</configuration>

获取连接字符串

string ConStr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["NorthwindConnectionString"].ConnectionString;

1. 返回单一记录集的存储过程

SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConStr);
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.Connection = conn;
cmd.CommandText = "Categoriestest1";

// 指定执行语句为存储过程
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

SqlDataAdapter dp = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
dp.Fill(ds);
GridView1.DataSource = ds;
GridView1.DataBind();

存储过程Categoriestest1

CREATE PROCEDURE Categoriestest1
AS
select *
from  Categories
GO

2.
没有输入输出的存储过程

SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConStr);
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.Connection = conn ;
cmd.CommandText = "Categoriestest2";
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
conn.Open();
Label1.Text = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery().ToString();
conn.Close();

存储过程Categoriestest2

CREATE PROCEDURE Categoriestest2  AS
insert into dbo.Categories
(CategoryName,[Description],[Picture])
values ('test1','test1',null)
GO

3. 有返回值的存储过程

SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConStr);
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.Connection = conn;
cmd.CommandText = "Categoriestest3";
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

// 创建参数
IDataParameter[] parameters = { new SqlParameter("rval", SqlDbType.Int,4) };
// 将参数类型设置为 返回值类型
parameters[0].Direction = ParameterDirection.ReturnValue;
// 添加参数
cmd.Parameters.Add(parameters[0]);

conn.Open();
// 执行存储过程并返回影响的行数
Label1.Text = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery().ToString();
conn.Close();
// 显示影响的行数和返回值
Label1.Text += "-" + parameters[0].Value.ToString();

存储过程Categoriestest3

CREATE PROCEDURE Categoriestest3
AS
insert into dbo.Categories
(CategoryName,[Description],[Picture])
values ('test1','test1',null)
return @@rowcount
GO

4.
有输入参数和输出参数的存储过程

SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConStr);
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.Connection = conn;
cmd.CommandText = "Categoriestest4";
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

// 创建参数
IDataParameter[] parameters =
{
new SqlParameter("@Id", SqlDbType.Int,4) ,
new SqlParameter("@CategoryName", SqlDbType.NVarChar,15) ,
};

// 设置参数类型
parameters[0].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;  // 设置为输出参数
parameters[1].Value = "testCategoryName";

// 添加参数
cmd.Parameters.Add(parameters[0]);
cmd.Parameters.Add(parameters[1]);

conn.Open();
// 执行存储过程并返回影响的行数
Label1.Text = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery().ToString();
conn.Close();
// 显示影响的行数和输出参数
Label1.Text += "-" + parameters[0].Value.ToString();

存储过程Categoriestest4

CREATE PROCEDURE Categoriestest4
@id int output,
@CategoryName nvarchar(15)
AS
insert into dbo.Categories
(CategoryName,[Description],[Picture])
values (@CategoryName,'test1',null)
set  @id = @@IDENTITY
GO

5. 同时具有返回值、输入参数、输出参数的存储过程

SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConStr);
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.Connection = conn;
cmd.CommandText = "Categoriestest5";
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

// 创建参数
IDataParameter[] parameters =
{
new SqlParameter("@Id", SqlDbType.Int,4) ,
new SqlParameter("@CategoryName", SqlDbType.NVarChar,15) ,
new SqlParameter("rval", SqlDbType.Int,4)
};

// 设置参数类型
parameters[0].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;       // 设置为输出参数
parameters[1].Value = "testCategoryName";                  // 给输入参数赋值
parameters[2].Direction = ParameterDirection.ReturnValue;  // 设置为返回值

// 添加参数
cmd.Parameters.Add(parameters[0]);
cmd.Parameters.Add(parameters[1]);
cmd.Parameters.Add(parameters[2]);

conn.Open();
// 执行存储过程并返回影响的行数
Label1.Text = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery().ToString();
conn.Close();
// 显示影响的行数，输出参数和返回值
Label1.Text += "-" + parameters[0].Value.ToString() + "-" + parameters[2].Value.ToString();

存储过程Categoriestest5

CREATE PROCEDURE Categoriestest5
@id int output,
@CategoryName nvarchar(15)
AS
insert into dbo.Categories
(CategoryName,[Description],[Picture])
values (@CategoryName,'test1',null)
set  @id = @@IDENTITY
return @@rowcount
GO

6.
同时返回参数和记录集的存储过程

SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConStr);
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.Connection = conn;
cmd.CommandText = "Categoriestest6";
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

// 创建参数
IDataParameter[] parameters =
{
new SqlParameter("@Id", SqlDbType.Int,4) ,
new SqlParameter("@CategoryName", SqlDbType.NVarChar,15) ,
new SqlParameter("rval", SqlDbType.Int,4)                   // 返回值
};

// 设置参数类型
parameters[0].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;        // 设置为输出参数
parameters[1].Value = "testCategoryName";                   // 给输入参数赋值
parameters[2].Direction = ParameterDirection.ReturnValue;   // 设置为返回值

// 添加参数
cmd.Parameters.Add(parameters[0]);
cmd.Parameters.Add(parameters[1]);
cmd.Parameters.Add(parameters[2]);

SqlDataAdapter dp = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
dp.Fill(ds);
GridView1.DataSource = ds.Tables[0];
GridView1.DataBind();

Label1.Text = string.Empty;
// 显示输出参数和返回值
Label1.Text += parameters[0].Value.ToString() + "-" + parameters[2].Value.ToString();

存储过程Categoriestest6

CREATE PROCEDURE Categoriestest6
@id int output,
@CategoryName nvarchar(15)
AS
insert into dbo.Categories
(CategoryName,[Description],[Picture])
values (@CategoryName,'test1',null)
set  @id = @@IDENTITY
select * from Categories
return @@rowcount
GO

7.
返回多个记录集的存储过程

SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConStr);
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.Connection = conn;
cmd.CommandText = "Categoriestest7";
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

SqlDataAdapter dp = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
dp.Fill(ds);
GridView1.DataSource = ds.Tables[0];
GridView1.DataBind();
GridView2.DataSource = ds.Tables[1];
GridView2.DataBind();

存储过程Categoriestest7

CREATE PROCEDURE Categoriestest7
AS
select * from Categories
select * from Categories
GO