Hive metastore三种配置方式

Hive的meta数据支持以下三种存储方式，其中两种属于本地存储，一种为远端存储。远端存储比较适合生产环境。Hive官方wiki详细介绍了这三种方式，链接为：Hive Metastore。

一、本地derby

这种方式是最简单的存储方式，只需要在hive-site.xml做如下配置便可

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<?xml version="1.0"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>

<property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>

<value>jdbc:derby:;databaseName=metastore_db;create=true</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>

<value>org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hive.metastore.local</name>

<value>true</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>

</property>

</configuration>

注：使用derby存储方式时，运行hive会在当前目录生成一个derby文件和一个metastore_db目录。这种存储方式的弊端是在同一个目录下同时只能有一个hive客户端能使用数据库，否则会提示如下错误

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hive> show tables;

FAILED: Error in metadata: javax.jdo.JDOFatalDataStoreException: Failed to start database 'metastore_db', see the next exception for details.

NestedThrowables:

java.sql.SQLException: Failed to start database 'metastore_db', see the next exception for details.

FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask

二、本地mysql

这种存储方式需要在本地运行一个mysql服务器，并作如下配置（下面两种使用mysql的方式，需要将mysql的jar包拷贝到$HIVE_HOME/lib目录下）。

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<?xml version="1.0"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>

<property>

<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

<value>/user/hive_remote/warehouse</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hive.metastore.local</name>

<value>true</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>

<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost/hive_remote?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>

<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>

<value>hive</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>

<value>password</value>

</property>

</configuration>

三、远端mysql

这种存储方式需要在远端服务器运行一个mysql服务器，并且需要在Hive服务器启动meta服务。

这里用mysql的测试服务器，ip位192.168.1.214，新建hive_remote数据库，字符集位latine1

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<?xml version="1.0"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>

<property>

<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>

<value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.214:3306/hive_remote?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>

<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>

<value>hive</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>

<value>password</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hive.metastore.local</name>

<value>false</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hive.metastore.uris</name>

<value>thrift://192.168.1.188:9083</value>

</property>

</configuration>

注：这里把hive的服务端和客户端都放在同一台服务器上了。服务端和客户端可以拆开，将hive-site.xml配置文件拆为如下两部分
1）、服务端配置文件

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<?xml version="1.0"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>

<property>

<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>

<value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.214:3306/hive_remote?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>

<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>

<value>root</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>

<value>test1234</value>

</property>

</configuration>

2）、客户端配置文件

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<?xml version="1.0"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>

<property>

<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hive.metastore.local</name>

<value>false</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hive.metastore.uris</name>

<value>thrift://192.168.1.188:9083</value>

</property>

</configuration>

启动hive服务端程序

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$ hive --service metastore

客户端直接使用hive命令即可

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root@my188:~$ hive

Hive history file=/tmp/root/hive_job_log_root_201301301416_955801255.txt

hive> show tables;

OK

test_hive

Time taken: 0.736 seconds

hive>