Makefile自动生成工具-----autotools的使用

相信每个学习Linux的人都知道Makefile，这是一个很有用的东西，但是编写它是比较复杂，今天介绍一个它的自动生成工具，autotools的使用。很多GNULinux的的软件都是用它生成Makefile的，包括我们非常熟悉的Linux内核源代码。PS：以下命令请以Root权限执行，否则会失败！

1、准备:

需要工具

autoscan

aclocal

autoheader

automake

autoconf

auto make

在终端敲入命令，哪个没有安装哪个，一般是第一个autoscan没有，其它的我用的Ubuntu10.04下全部都有

2、测试程序编写：

建立目录：mkdir include src

编写程序：include/str.h

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#include <stdio.h>

int str(char *string);

编写程序：src/str.c

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#include "str.h"

//print string

int str(char *string){

printf("\n----PRINT STRING----\n\"%s\"\n",string);

return 0;

}

//interface of this program

int main(int argc , char **argv){

char str_read[1024];

printf("Please INPUT something end by [ENTER]\n");

scanf("%s",str_read);

return str(str_read );

}

3、生成configure.ac

configure.ac是automake的输入文件，所以必须先生成该文件。

执行命令：

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[root@localhost str]# ls

include src

[root@localhost str]# sudo autoscan

[root@localhost str]# ls

autoscan.log configure.scan include src

[root@localhost str]# cp configure.scan configure.ac

修改 configure.ac

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# -*- Autoconf -*-

# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.

AC_PREREQ(2.59)

AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)

AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([include/str.h])

AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h])

# Checks for programs.

AC_PROG_CC

# Checks for libraries.

# Checks for header files.

# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.

# Checks for library functions.

AC_OUTPUT

修改

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AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)

改为：

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AC_INIT(str,0.0.1, [bug@sounos.org])

其中：FULL-PACKAGE-NAME 为程序名称，VERSION为当前版本， BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS为bug汇报地址

然后添加两句话：

AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE

AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])

结果如下：（两句话不是在一起的）

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# -*- Autoconf -*-

# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.

AC_PREREQ(2.59)

#AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)

AC_INIT(str, 0.0.1, [bug@sounos.org])

AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE

AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([include/str.h])

AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h])

# Checks for programs.

AC_PROG_CC

# Checks for libraries.

# Checks for header files.

# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.

# Checks for library functions.

AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])

AC_OUTPUT

4、执行aclocal

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[root@localhost str]#sudo aclocal

5、制作Makefile.am

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[root@localhost str]# vi Makefile.am

#Makefile.am

bin_PROGRAMS = str

str_SOURCES = include/str.h src/str.c

str_CPPFLAGS = -I include/

automake 这个命令需要用到这个配置文件。各个选项意思比较直观，不多说。

6、autoheader

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[root@localhost str]#sudo autoheader

7、automake必须文件：

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* install-sh

* missing

* INSTALL

* NEWS

* README

* AUTHORS

* ChangeLog

* COPYING

* depcomp

其中，以下文件在执行automake -a的时候会自动生成

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* install-sh

* missing

* INSTALL

* COPYING

* depcomp

所以，接下来手动生成剩下的文件

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[root@localhost str]# touch NEWS README AUTHORS ChangeLog

8、执行automake -a

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[root@localhost str]# sudo automake -a

configure.ac: installing `./install-sh'

configure.ac: installing `./missing'

Makefile.am: installing `./INSTALL'

Makefile.am: installing `./COPYING'

Makefile.am: installing `./compile'

Makefile.am: installing `./depcomp'

9、autoconf

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[root@localhost str]# sudo autoconf

[root@localhost str]# ls

aclocal.m4 autoscan.log config.h.in configure.scan include Makefile.am NEWS

AUTHORS ChangeLog configure COPYING INSTALL Makefile.in README

autom4te.cache compile configure.ac depcomp install-sh missing src

10、执行./configure

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[root@localhost str]# ./configure

checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c

checking whether build environment is sane... yes

checking for gawk... gawk

checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes

checking for gcc... gcc

checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out

checking whether the C compiler works... yes

checking whether we are cross compiling... no

checking for suffix of executables...

checking for suffix of object files... o

checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes

checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes

checking for gcc option to accept ANSI C... none needed

checking for style of include used by make... GNU

checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3

configure: creating ./config.status

config.status: creating Makefile

config.status: creating config.h

config.status: config.h is unchanged

config.status: executing depfiles commands

执行 make

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[root@localhost str]# make

make all-am

make[1]: Entering directory `/data/devel/c/str'

if gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I. -I include/ -g -O2 -MT str-str.o -MD -MP -MF ".deps/str-str.Tpo" -c -o str-str.o `test -f 'src/str.c' || echo './'`src/str.c; \

then mv -f ".deps/str-str.Tpo" ".deps/str-str.Po"; else rm -f ".deps/str-str.Tpo"; exit 1; fi

gcc -g -O2 -o str str-str.o

make[1]: Leaving directory `/data/devel/c/str'

此时已经生成了 str（可执行文件名字在前面设置Makefile.am的参数时候去顶）这个，可以通过./str直接看到运行结果

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[root@localhost str]# ./str

Please INPUT something end by [ENTER]

abcksdhfklsdklfdjlkfd

----PRINT STRING----

"abcksdhfklsdklfdjlkfd"

不过这里我们都做一步，把它安装到系统里面，这样我们只要在终端输入str就可以运行程序了。

执行 make install：

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[root@localhost str]# make install

make[1]: Entering directory `/data/devel/c/str'

test -z "/u/bin" || mkdir -p -- "/u/bin"

/usr/bin/install -c 'str' '/u/bin/str'

make[1]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.

make[1]: Leaving directory `/data/devel/c/str'

接下来你可以make clean 清除安装的那些.o 文件了。

这样生成了一个自动的Makefile。