实战Nagios NSCA方式监控Linux系统资源使用情况 -- Nagios配置篇 -- Nagios Server端

现在说说在我们系统中如何是用NSCA方式来获取我们需要的被监控节点的资源使用情况信息。

先讲讲Nagios Server端的基本配置：

1. nagios web gui 访问配置，系统中使用的是nagios core中推荐的配置方式，通过apache httpd访问nagios web，安装nagios的时候会自动寻找系统中安装的httpd，把nagios的httpd文件放到httpd的conf.d目录下，这样，只要生成一次nagios web访问的密码就可以通过http://localhost/nagios/访问nagios web.

htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users nagiosadmin

2. 在Nagios中定义要监控的机器和要监控的服务
2. 1 在/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/中定义被监听节点和需要被监听的服务，例如：/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/system_1.cfg

## define hosts

# system_1 oam_1
define host{
use                     linux-server,host-pnp
host_name               system_1_oam_1
address                 <ip>
contact_groups		system_1_admins,systems_admins
}
......
# system_1 traffic_1
define host{
use                     linux-server,host-pnp
host_name               system_1_traffic_1
address                 <ip>
contact_groups		system_1_admins,systems_admins
}
......

## define services

# system_1 oam_1

define service{
use                      passive_service,srv-pnp
service_description      CPU_Status
host_name                system_1_oam_1
contact_groups		 system_1_admins,systems_admins
}
define service{
use                      passive_service,srv-pnp
service_description      Memory_Status
host_name                system_1_oam_1
contact_groups		 system_1_admins,systems_admins
}
......

# system_1 traffic_1
define service{
use                      passive_service,srv-pnp
service_description      CPU_Status
host_name                system_1_traffic_1
contact_groups		 system_1_admins,systems_admins
}

Note:

a. passive_service是NSCA需要的配置，细节可参考章节4

b. host-pnp和srv-pnp是pnp4nagios要用的配置，细节可参考章节6

2.2
把定义的配置文件添加到/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg中

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/system_1.cfg

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/system_2.cfg 

......

nagios_user=nagios

nagios_group=nagios

lock_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/nagios.lock

status_update_interval=10

3. 对不同的系统添加系统监控管理员

3.1 /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contactgroups.cfg

define contactgroup{
contactgroup_name       system_1_admins
alias                   system_1_admins
members                 oam-1,traffic-1
}
......

3.2 /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg

define contact{
contact_name                    oam-1                  ; Short name of user
use                             generic-contact         ; Inherit default values from generic-contact template (defined above)
alias                           oam-1                  ; Full name of user
service_notification_options    c
host_notification_options       d
email                           nobody@localhost.com   ; <<***** CHANGE THIS TO YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS ******
}

define contact{
contact_name                    traffic-1           ; Short name of user
use                             generic-contact         ; Inherit default values from generic-contact template (defined above)
alias                           traffic-1           ; Full name of user
email                           nobody@localhost.com  ; <<***** CHANGE THIS TO YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS ******
}
......

Note:

service_notification_options： This directive is used to define the service states for which notifications can be sent out to this contact. Valid options are a combination of one or more of the following: w = notify on WARNING service states,
u = notify on UNKNOWN service states, c = notify on CRITICAL service states, r = notify on service recoveries (OK states), and f = notify when the service starts and stopsflapping.
If you specify n (none) as an option, the contact will not receive any type of service notifications.

host_notification_options:This directive is used to define the host states for which notifications can be sent out to this contact. Valid options are a combination of one or more of the following:d = notify on DOWN host states,u
= notify on UNREACHABLE host states,r = notify on host recoveries (UP states),f = notify when the host starts and stopsflapping,
ands = send notifications when host or servicescheduled downtime starts and ends. If you specifyn (none) as an option, the
contact will not receive any type of host notifications.

4. NSCA配置
4.1 NSCA端：如果没有端口冲突之类的问题，/usr/local/nagios/etc/nsca.cfg可以作为默认配置直接使用

Note: 当Nagios端有问题的时候，nsca本身可以保存收到的数据，要小心数据量大小的问题，监控机器多的时候，Nagios挂的时间长了点，文件就很容易变的很大

4.2 Nagios端：

4.2.1 修改/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg，增加被动检测模版

define service{
use                             generic-service
name                            passive_service
active_checks_enabled           0
passive_checks_enabled          1                       # We want only passive checking
flap_detection_enabled          0
register                        0                       # This is a template, not a real service
is_volatile                     0
check_period                    24x7
max_check_attempts              1
normal_check_interval           5
retry_check_interval            1
check_freshness                 0
contact_groups                  system_admins
check_command                   check_dummy!0
notification_interval           120
notification_period             24x7
notification_options            w,u,c,r
stalking_options                w,c,u
}

4. 2.2 修改/usr/local/nagios/etc/commands.cfg，增加命令定义如何处理NSCA发送来的数据

# 'check_nsca' command definition
define command{
command_name    check_dummy
command_line    $USER1$check_dummy$ARG1$
}

Note: check_dummy很简单，处理Nagios中OK,WARNING,CRITICAL,UNKNOWN

<span style="font-size:10px;">nagios:/usr/local/nagios/etc # /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_dummy  0
OK
nagios:/usr/local/nagios/etc # /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_dummy  1
WARNING
nagios:/usr/local/nagios/etc # /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_dummy  2
CRITICAL
nagios:/usr/local/nagios/etc # /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_dummy  3
UNKNOWN</span>

4.2.3 检查/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg已经可以处理外部NSCA发送来的数据，默认是没有问题的

accept_passive_service_checks=1
<div><pre style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;font-size:14px;">accept_passive_host_checks=1
<div><pre style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;font-size:14px;">check_external_commands=1
command_check_interval=-1
command_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/rw/nagios.cmd
<div><pre style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;font-size:14px;"><em>log_passive_checks=1
</em>

5. 查看Nagios GUI中新加的host和service已经存在

6. 添加pnp4nagios bulk+npcd 模式监听系统

6.1 修改/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

#处理performance数据
process_performance_data=1
#host_perfdata_command=process-host-perfdata
#service_perfdata_command=process-service-perfdata
#performance数据存储文件
host_perfdata_file=/usr/local/pnp4nagios/var/host-perfdata
service_perfdata_file=/usr/local/pnp4nagios/var/service-perfdata
#performance数据存储格式
host_perfdata_file_template=DATATYPE::HOSTPERFDATA\tTIMET::$TIMET$\tHOSTNAME::$HOSTNAME$\tHOSTPERFDATA::$HOSTPERFDATA$\tHOSTCHECKCOMMAND::$HOSTCHECKCOMMAND$\tHOSTSTATE::$HOSTSTATE$\tHOSTSTATETYPE::$HOSTSTATETYPE$
service_perfdata_file_template=DATATYPE::SERVICEPERFDATA\tTIMET::$TIMET$\tHOSTNAME::$HOSTNAME$\tSERVICEDESC::$SERVICEDESC$\tSERVICEPERFDATA::$SERVICEPERFDATA$\tSERVICECHECKCOMMAND::$SERVICECHECKCOMMAND$\tHOSTSTATE::$HOSTSTATE$\tHOSTSTATETYPE::$HOSTSTATETYPE$\tSERVICESTATE::$SERVICESTATE$\tSERVICESTATETYPE::$SERVICESTATETYPE$\tSERVICEOUTPUT::$SERVICEOUTPUT$
#performance文件存储方式
host_perfdata_file_mode=a
service_perfdata_file_mode=a
#performance文件处理时间间隔
host_perfdata_file_processing_interval=15
service_perfdata_file_processing_interval=15
<pre name="code" class="plain">#performance文件处理命令

host_perfdata_file_processing_command=process-host-perfdata-fileservice_perfdata_file_processing_command=process-service-perfdata-file

6.2 修改/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg，增加performance文件处理命令

define command{
command_name    process-service-perfdata-file
command_line    /bin/mv /usr/local/pnp4nagios/var/service-perfdata /usr/local/pnp4nagios/var/spool/service-perfdata.$TIMET$
}

define command{
command_name    process-host-perfdata-file
command_line    /bin/mv /usr/local/pnp4nagios/var/host-perfdata /usr/local/pnp4nagios/var/spool/host-perfdata.$TIMET$
}

6.3 修改nagios.cfg，设置在nagios web gui中显示pnp4nagios图标的方式

第一种方法在templates.cfg里面加入如下，只能在新窗口打开图像数据

define host {
name       host-pnp
action_url /pnp4nagios/index.php/graph?host=$HOSTNAME$&srv=_HOST_
register   0
}

define service {
name       srv-pnp
action_url /pnp4nagios/index.php/graph?host=$HOSTNAME$&srv=$SERVICEDESC$
register   0
}

第二种方法可以在鼠标移到pnp4nagios图标的时候就可以开到实时图标，不过效果不是很好，按照说明加入如下：
拷贝status-header.ssi到/usr/local/nagios/share/ssi/目录下面，同时修改templates.cfg，加入如下内容：

define host {
name       host-pnp
action_url /pnp4nagios/index.php/graph?host=$HOSTNAME$&srv=_HOST_' class='tips' rel='/pnp4nagios/index.php/popup?host=$HOSTNAME$&srv=_HOST_
register   0
}

define service {
name       srv-pnp
action_url /pnp4nagios/index.php/graph?host=$HOSTNAME$&srv=$SERVICEDESC$' class='tips' rel='/pnp4nagios/index.php/popup?host=$HOSTNAME$&srv=$SERVICEDESC$
register   0
}

Note: 自动出现的小窗口清晰度不好，我喜欢第一种方式

Note: 这里没有涉及email的配置，记得通知设计的时候小心消息泛滥被投诉。。。

第一篇： Nagios 使用介绍

第三篇： Nagios配置篇 -- 被监控端