给大家说明。也议MySQL中隐式转换
2014-09-13 23:31
429 查看
1. 环境说明
blog地址：http://blog.csdn.net/hw_libo/article/details/39252427RHEL 6.4 x86_64 + MySQL 5.6.19
测试表：
[sql] view
plaincopyprint?
MySQL [test]> show create table emp\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: emp
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `emp` (
`EMPNO` int(11) NOT NULL,
`ENAME` varchar(15) NOT NULL,
`JOB` varchar(15) NOT NULL,
`MGR` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
`HIREDATE` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`SAL` int(20) DEFAULT '0',
`COMM` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
`DEPTNO` int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`EMPNO`),
KEY `idx_deptno` (`DEPTNO`),
KEY `idx_sal` (`SAL`),
KEY `idx_comm` (`COMM`),
KEY `idx_ename` (`ENAME`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[sql] view
plaincopyprint?
</pre><pre name="code" class="sql">MySQL [test]> select * from emp;
+-------+--------+-----------+------+---------------------+------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+---------------------+------+------+--------+
| 7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 00:00:00 | 800 | NULL | 20 |
| 7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 00:00:00 | 1600 | 300 | 30 |
| 7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 00:00:00 | 1250 | 500 | 30 |
| 7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 00:00:00 | 2975 | 0 | 20 |
| 7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 00:00:00 | 1250 | 1400 | 30 |
| 7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 00:00:00 | 2850 | 0 | 30 |
| 7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 00:00:00 | 2450 | 0 | 10 |
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1987-04-19 00:00:00 | 3000 | NULL | 20 |
| 7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | 0 | 1981-11-17 00:00:00 | 5000 | 0 | 10 |
| 7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 00:00:00 | 1500 | 0 | 30 |
| 7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1987-05-23 00:00:00 | 1100 | 0 | 20 |
| 7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 00:00:00 | 950 | 0 | 30 |
| 7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 00:00:00 | 3000 | 0 | 20 |
| 7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 00:00:00 | 1300 | 0 | 10 |
| 7936 | 23456 | BOSCO-DBA | 7788 | 2014-09-13 16:13:56 | 2450 | 800 | 10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+---------------------+------+------+--------+
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2. 数值类型（int）
首先提个问题，如上测试表emp中empno是主键，类型为int，那么：[sql] view
plaincopyprint?
select * from emp where empno='7788';
会产生隐式转换吗？
下面实验证明：
[sql] view
plaincopyprint?
MySQL [test]> select * from emp where empno=7788;
+-------+-------+---------+------+---------------------+------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+-------+---------+------+---------------------+------+------+--------+
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1987-04-19 00:00:00 | 3000 | NULL | 20 |
+-------+-------+---------+------+---------------------+------+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [test]> explain select * from emp where empno=7788;
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | emp | const | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [test]> select * from emp where empno='7788';
+-------+-------+---------+------+---------------------+------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+-------+---------+------+---------------------+------+------+--------+
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1987-04-19 00:00:00 | 3000 | NULL | 20 |
+-------+-------+---------+------+---------------------+------+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [test]> explain select * from emp where empno='7788';
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | emp | const | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
可见，针对数据类型字段，即使类型不一致，并不影响是否使用索引，执行计划是一样的，不会产生隐式转换。但仍然建议在生产库中尽量避免出现这样的SQL。
注意：
数值类型有一种隐式转换，如果以数字开关的，后面的字符将被截断，只取前面的数字值，如果不以数字开关的将被置为0。如下：
[sql] view
plaincopyprint?
MySQL [test]> select * from emp where empno='7788ab12'; ## 这个就相当于empno=7788，后面的ab12将被截断，并且不影响索引的使用
+-------+-------+---------+------+---------------------+------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+-------+---------+------+---------------------+------+------+--------+
| 7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1987-04-19 00:00:00 | 3000 | NULL | 20 |
+-------+-------+---------+------+---------------------+------+------+--------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
MySQL [test]> show warnings;
+---------+------+----------------------------------------------+
| Level | Code | Message |
+---------+------+----------------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1292 | Truncated incorrect DOUBLE value: '7788ab12' |
+---------+------+----------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [test]> select * from emp where empno='ab7788'; ## 这个就相当于empno=0
Empty set (0.01 sec)
3. 字符类型（varchar）
同样，针对测试表emp中的ename字段（varchar类型），上面有一辅助索引idx_ename，并且ename中有一个值是全数字的，若有这样的查询：[sql] view
plaincopyprint?
select * from emp where ename=23456;
上面的SQL会不会出现隐式转换呢？
下面实验证明：
[sql] view
plaincopyprint?
MySQL [test]> select * from emp where ename='23456';
+-------+-------+-----------+------+---------------------+------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+-------+-----------+------+---------------------+------+------+--------+
| 7936 | 23456 | BOSCO-DBA | 7788 | 2014-09-13 16:13:56 | 2450 | 800 | 10 |
+-------+-------+-----------+------+---------------------+------+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [test]> explain select * from emp where ename='23456'; ## 正常来说，可以使用到索引idx_ename
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | emp | ref | idx_ename | idx_ename | 47 | const | 1 | Using index condition |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[sql] view
plaincopyprint?
MySQL [test]> select * from emp where ename=23456; ## 当varchar类型不对时，仍然是可以查出结果
+-------+-------+-----------+------+---------------------+------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME | JOB | MGR | HIREDATE | SAL | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+-------+-----------+------+---------------------+------+------+--------+
| 7936 | 23456 | BOSCO-DBA | 7788 | 2014-09-13 16:13:56 | 2450 | 800 | 10 |
+-------+-------+-----------+------+---------------------+------+------+--------+
1 row in set, 14 warnings (0.00 sec)
MySQL [test]> explain select * from emp where ename=23456; ## 当varchar类型不匹配时，索引无效了，选择了全表扫描
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | emp | ALL | idx_ename | NULL | NULL | NULL | 15 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
可见，如果是字符类型，当出现类型不一致时，是会影响索引的使用的，会产生隐式转换的。
blog地址：http://blog.csdn.net/hw_libo/article/details/39252427
-- Bosco QQ：375612082
---- END ----
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
版权所有，文章允许转载，但必须以链接方式注明源地址，否则追究法律责任!
内容来自用户分享和网络整理，不保证内容的准确性，如有侵权内容，可联系管理员处理 
相关文章推荐
- 关于mysql 隐式转换的一个小问题
- 给大家说明。mysql 找回被删除的数据表
- MySQL中的运算符,隐式转换,特有的limit语句
- Mysql转换或者升级以后出现乱码情况的说明
- MySQL 隐式转换的前世今生
- mysql日期转换的修饰符说明
- MySQL SQL优化之字符串索引隐式转换
- 由于mysql隐式类型转换导致的索引失效的问题
- mysql中的隐式转换
- 关于oracle 与 mysql 的索引与隐式转换的总结
- MySQL的隐式类型转换整理总结
- 也议MySQL中隐式转换
- 也议MySQL中隐式转换
- MySQL隐式类型的转换陷阱和规则
- mysql 隐式转换问题
- Mysql转换或者升级以后出现乱码情况的说明
- 谈谈MySQL隐式类型转换
- MySQL中隐式转换
- 关于MySQL隐式转换
- mysql隐式转换造成索引失效的事故总结