文件查找 /which/whereis/locate/find/grep

Which #查找固定的目录#
[root@lab home]# which ba
/usr/bin/which: no ba in (/usr/lib/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin)
[root@lab home]# which ls
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
/bin/ls
我们可以看到 which 命令只查这些指定目录。
Whereis #帮助文件也显示给我们#
[root@lab home]# whereis ls
ls: /bin/ls /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1p/ls.1p.gz
[root@lab home]#



Locate 案例：
在/home/huxiaoming目录下， 新建了1.txt和2.txt两个文件。
[root@lab huxiaoming]# locate 1.txt
/etc/pki/nssdb/pkcs11.txt
/usr/share/cups/charmaps/iso-8859-1.txt
/usr/share/cups/charmaps/iso-8859-11.txt
/usr/share/cups/charmaps/windows-1251.txt
/usr/share/cups/charmaps/windows-1361.txt
/usr/share/doc/dstat-0.7.0/dstat.1.txt
/usr/share/vim/vim72/doc/gui_x11.txt.gz
/usr/share/vim/vim72/doc/usr_01.txt.gz
/usr/share/vim/vim72/doc/usr_11.txt.gz
/usr/share/vim/vim72/doc/usr_21.txt.gz
/usr/share/vim/vim72/doc/usr_31.txt.gz
/usr/share/vim/vim72/doc/usr_41.txt.gz
[root@lab huxiaoming]# locate 2.txt
/usr/share/cups/charmaps/iso-8859-2.txt
/usr/share/cups/charmaps/windows-1252.txt
/usr/share/cups/charmaps/windows-932.txt
/usr/share/doc/certmonger-0.61/dogtag-notes-2.txt
/usr/share/doc/python-lxml-2.2.3/doc/lxml2.txt
/usr/share/doc/vim-common-7.2.411/README_os2.txt
/usr/share/vim/vim72/doc/gui_w32.txt.gz
/usr/share/vim/vim72/doc/os_os2.txt.gz
/usr/share/vim/vim72/doc/os_win32.txt.gz
/usr/share/vim/vim72/doc/usr_02.txt.gz
/usr/share/vim/vim72/doc/usr_12.txt.gz
/usr/share/vim/vim72/doc/usr_22.txt.gz
/usr/share/vim/vim72/doc/usr_32.txt.gz
/usr/share/vim/vim72/doc/usr_42.txt.gz
并没有发现 新加的文件， 这是因为我们要执行一下更新目录树的命令
[root@lab huxiaoming]# updatedb 更新目录树
[root@lab huxiaoming]# locate 2.txt
/home/huxiaoming/2.txt 这样就找到了
[root@lab huxiaoming]# cat /etc/cron.daily/mlocate.cron
#!/bin/sh
nodevs=$(< /proc/filesystems awk '$1 == "nodev" { print $2 }')
renice +19 -p $$ >/dev/null 2>&1
ionice -c2 -n7 -p $$ >/dev/null 2>&1
/usr/bin/updatedb -f "$nodevs"
实际上系统每天都会执行一个mlocate.cron 来更新目录树
find 命令---在当前目录查找
[root@lab huxiaoming]# find 1.txt
1.txt
[root@lab huxiaoming]# cd /
[root@lab /]# find 1.txt
find: `1.txt': No such file or directory
如果想查找整个硬盘，此时根据一下命令，从根目录开始一个个目录树开始查找
[root@lab /]# find / -name 1.txt
/home/huxiaoming/1.txt
正则表达式 一些find技巧
例如我想配置网卡，但是我只记得配置文件大概叫ifc...之类，在一个 /etc目录中
find /etc/ -name "*ifc*"
[root@lab /]# find /etc -name "*ifcfg-eth0*" -exec vi {} \;
｛里面代表搜寻出的文件 ｝可以直接在-exec后面加参数来执行
两种显示方法： 一种 -al 另一直把ls 作为命令来调用






还有一些高级的技巧
如何批量按提示删除.txt文件
[root@lab /]# find /home -name "*.txt*" -ok rm {} \;
< rm ... /home/huxiaoming/2.txt > ? no
< rm ... /home/huxiaoming/1.txt > ? yes
[root@lab /]# find /home -name "*.txt*" -ok ls {} \; #这里就是需要find之后的动作是否需要交互#
< ls ... /home/huxiaoming/2.txt > ? yes
/home/huxiaoming/2.txt
如何批量查找属于某些用户的文件夹:
[root@lab /]# find /home -user huxiaoming -type d -ls #如果不加type则显示所有#
129793 4 drwx------ 2 huxiaoming huxiaoming 4096 Mar 18 17:14 /home/huxiaoming
[root@lab /]# find /home -user huxiaoming -ls
129793 4 drwx------ 2 huxiaoming huxiaoming 4096 Mar 18 17:14 /home/huxiaoming
129795 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 huxiaoming huxiaoming 18 Jul 9 2013 /home/huxiaoming/.bash_logout
129794 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 huxiaoming huxiaoming 176 Jul 9 2013 /home/huxiaoming/.bash_profile
129798 4 -rw------- 1 huxiaoming huxiaoming 25 Mar 13 20:11 /home/huxiaoming/.bash_history
129797 4 -rw------- 1 huxiaoming huxiaoming 778 Mar 13 10:25 /home/huxiaoming/.viminfo
129796 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 huxiaoming huxiaoming 124 Jul 9 2013 /home/huxiaoming/.bashrc
Grep 命令
查找一些文件内包含的文字内容
[root@lab ~]# grep huxiaoming /etc/passwd
huxiaoming:x:500:500::/home/huxiaoming:/bin/bash
[root@lab ~]# grep -R huxiaoming /home
[root@lab ~]# grep -R huxiaoming /etc
/etc/group:huxiaoming:x:500:
grep: /etc/alternatives/jre/lib/audio/default.sf2: No such file or directory
grep: /etc/alternatives/jre_openjdk/lib/audio/default.sf2: No such file or directory
grep: /etc/alternatives/jre_1.7.0/lib/audio/default.sf2: No such file or directory
/etc/passwd:huxiaoming:x:500:500::/home/huxiaoming:/bin/bash
/etc/shadow:huxiaoming:$6$v77h3vFZ$8EFht1cShXZ7ORtT3LKX82HRwysnGw9ClJI1NxDPOztAsdOoBVsXcqZ53bTE7GRDv.ZqFVxlAUcKKzwX3doVX0:16141:0:99999:7:::
/etc/gshadow:huxiaoming:!::
/etc/sudoers:User_Alias ADMINS = huxiaoming
/etc/sudoers.tmp:User_Alias ADMINS = huxiaoming
Binary file /etc/.sudoers.tmp.swp matches