Linux之web服务的搭建 推荐

今天我来给大家分享一下在Linux下搭建web服务器
1、安装包

yum install httpd

安装完成后我们会在/etc目录下看到有一个httpd的目录
我们的默认文件存放位置在/var/www/html
然后修改我们的注配置文件

vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
ServerName 自己的主机名：80

表示服务名称为自己的主机名，监听在80端口
然后就可以建文件了

vim /var/www/html/index.html
hello

这就是我们的主页文件了
然后我们开启一下我的HTTP服务

service httpd start

然后我们就可以在另外一台虚拟机上测试了




这就简单的搭建好一台web服务器了。
注：如果显示无法连接，可能是你的防火墙给挡在墙外了，需要关闭防火墙才行。

2、创建基于文件的访问控制

首先我们需要创建一个目录

cd /var/www/html
mkdir admin
mkdir bbs
vim bbs/index.html
hello a

vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
<Directory "/var/www/html/admin">
Options none
Allowoverride AuthConfig
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Admin Area."
AuthUserFile /etc/httpd/conf/.httpasswd
Require valid-user
</Directory>

然后做用户名和密码存放文件

htpasswd -c -m /etc/httpd/conf/.httpasswd tom
tom
tom
htpasswd  -m /etc/httpd/conf/.httpasswd jry
jry
jry

然后重读一下配置文件

service httpd reload

当我们再次访问时就会弹出输入用户名和密码了





3、基于组的访问控制配置

在2的基础上，我们创建一个文件

vim /etc/httpd/conf/.httpgroup
test:tom

添加test组，组成员为tom，然后再编辑配置文件，把上个实例中的文件内容修改如下

vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
<Directory "/var/www/html/admin">
Options none
Allowoverride AuthConfig
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Admin Area."
AuthUserFile /etc/httpd/conf/.httpasswd
AuthGroupFile /etc/httpd/conf/.httpgroup
Require group test
</Directory>

然后重读配置文件

service httpd reload

然后我们分别登陆tom和jry查看




4、基于端口做虚拟主机

编辑主配置文件

vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
添加
Listen 8080  开启监听8080端口
#DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"  注释掉中心主机配置，这样虚拟主机配置才能生效
<VirtualHost 172.16.249.29:80>
ServerName www.jsh.com
DocumentRoot "/web/hosta"
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 172.16.249.29:8080>
ServerName www.jsh.com
DocumentRoot "/web/hostb"
</VirtualHost>

配置文件语法检查

httpd -t

创建对应的目录，并提供页面文件

mkdir -pv /web/host{a,b}
vim /web/hosta/index.html
hello hosta
vim /web/hostb/index.html
hello  hostb

然后重读配置文件

service httpd restart

然后就可以测试了







5、基于IP的虚拟主机

步骤跟4实例中的一样，只用把第二个IP地址改为其他IP即可，并把8080端口改为80。

6、基于ssl的配置

首先我们需要自建CA
[root@jsh ~]# cd /etc/pki/CA/

生成密钥文件
[root@jsh CA]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)

创建自签证书
[root@jsh CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 1000
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:Henan
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:ZZ
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:jsh
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:ops
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:caserver.jsh.com
Email Address []:

初始化
[root@jsh CA]# touch serial index.txt
[root@jsh CA]# echo 00 > serial

在另外一台http服务器上创建密钥文件
[root@jsh ~]# cd /etc/httpd/
[root@jsh httpd]# mkdir ssl
[root@jsh httpd]# cd ssl
[root@jsh ssl]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out httpd.key 1024)

生成请求证书
[root@jsh ssl]# openssl  req -new -key httpd.key -out httpd.csr
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:Henan
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:ZZ
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:jsh
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:ops
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:jsh
Email Address []:

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:

签署证书
[root@jsh ssl]# openssl ca -in httpd.csr -out httpd.crt -days 1000

编辑配置文件
[root@jsh ssl]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
[root@jsh conf.d]# vim ssl.conf

修改监听端口为443
SSLCertificateFile/etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile/etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key
DocumentRoot "/web/vhosta"
[root@jsh conf.d]#

好啦，这样就完成了！！！