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Maven 如何为不同的环境打包 —— 开发、测试和产品环境

2014-08-08 20:33 731 查看
本文是我收藏整理的版本，欢迎大家查看更美观的：

https://www.zybuluo.com/haokuixi/note/25985

本文介绍Maven打包的实践，以build war为例。 

每个项目都会有多套运行环境，最基本的就是Dev、QA、Prod，不同的环境对应的配置也不尽相同，比如说数据库连接，文件路径，WebServices address 等等。 

不同环境下需要构建不同的包，那么我们可以通过以下两种方式来解决：


一、定义多个 pom，使用 
-f <pom_file>
 指定

e.g.

pom.xml (default). 
pom_qa.xml 
pom_prod.xml

Build war for qa:
mvn clean package -f pom_qa.xml


Build war for product:
mvn clean package -f pom_prod.xml


多个 pom.xml 之间重复配置很多，不容易维护，极不推荐这种方式。


二、结合Maven-war-plugin和Maven profile进行配置

需求假设： 

1. 不同环境的数据库连接地址以及DataSource类型不一样 

开发环境通过普通的DataSource连接数据库：

<bean name="SQLServerDriverDS" destroy-method="close">

<property name="driverClassName" value="${driver_class}" />

<property name="username" value="${username}" />

<property name="password" value="${password}" />

<property name="url" value="${url}" />

<property name="maxIdle" value="${maxPoolSize}" />

<property name="maxActive" value="${minPoolSize}" />

</bean>


测试和产品环境都是通过 JNDI 方式连接数据库：

<bean id="SQLServerDriverDS">

<property name="jndiName" value="jdbc/AlteraDS" />

</bean>


不同环境的log4j.properties不同，文件上传下载路径也不一样。
QA的war包名称要带上日期，e.g. xxx-20120830.war

为了实现上述需求，组织工程目录结构如下:
project/
`-- src
|-- main
|   |-- environment
|   |   |-- dev
|   |   |   |-- log4j.properties
|   |   |   |-- spring-dataSource.xml
|   |   |   `-- variable.propertes
|   |   |-- prod
|   |   |   |-- log4j.properties
|   |   |   |-- spring-dataSource.xml
|   |   |   `-- variable.propertes
|   |   `-- qa
|   |       |-- log4j.properties
|   |       |-- spring-dataSource.xml
|   |       `-- variable.propertes
|   |-- resources
|   `-- webapp
`-- test


pom.xml里定义三个环境的profile：

<profile>

<id>dev</id>

<activation>

<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>

</activation>

<properties>

<runtime.env>src/main/env/dev</runtime.env>

<final.name>webapp</final.name>

</properties>

<dependencies>

<dependency>

<groupId>com.eightqiu</groupId>

<artifactId>CodeCmns</artifactId>

<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

</profile>

<profile>

<id>qa</id>

<properties>

<runtime.env>src/main/env/qa</runtime.env>

<final.name>webapp_${buildNumber}</final.name>

</properties>

<build>

<plugins>

<plugin>

<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>

<artifactId>buildnumber-maven-plugin</artifactId>

<version>1.1</version>

<executions>

<execution>

<phase>validate</phase>

<goals>

<goal>create</goal>

</goals>

</execution>

</executions>

<configuration>

<format>{0,date,yyyyMMdd}</format>

<items>

<item>timestamp</item>

</items>

</configuration>

</plugin>

</plugins>

</build>

<reporting>

<plugins>

<plugin>

<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.8.1</version>

</plugin>

</plugins>

</reporting>

<dependencies>

<dependency>

<groupId>com.eightqiu</groupId>

<artifactId>CodeCmns</artifactId>

<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

<scope>provided</scope>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

</profile>

<profile>

<id>prod</id>

<properties>

<runtime.env>src/main/env/prod</runtime.env>

<final.name>webapp</final.name>

</properties>

<dependencies>

<dependency>

<groupId>com.eightqiu</groupId>

<artifactId>CodeCmns</artifactId>

<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

<scope>provided</scope>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

</profile>


Maven-war-plugin里配置additional resource folder

<plugin>

<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.1.1</version>

<configuration>

<overlays>

<overlay>

<groupId>TransactionResource</groupId>

<artifactId>TransactionResource</artifactId>

<excludes>

<exclude>WEB-INF/web.xml</exclude>

</excludes>

</overlay>

</overlays>

<webResources>

<resource>

<directory>${runtime.env}</directory>

<targetPath>WEB-INF/classes</targetPath>

</resource>

</webResources>

</configuration>

</plugin>


<finalName>${final.name}</finalName>


${runtime.env}
 & 
${final.name}
就是profile里定义的两个properties。 

打包的时候使用
-P <profile>
指定需要打哪个环境的包。 

e.g.
mvn clean package -Pdev
mvn clean package -Pqa


附上完整的pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">[/code] 
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<packaging>war</packaging>

<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

<name>demo Maven Webapp</name>

<groupId>webapp</groupId>

<artifactId>webapp</artifactId>


<scm>

<connection>scm:svn:http://127.0.0.1/dummy</connection>

<developerConnection>scm:svn:https://127.0.0.1/dummy</developerConnection>

<tag>HEAD</tag>

<url>http://127.0.0.1/dummy</url>

</scm>


<properties>

<spring-version>3.1.0.RELEASE</spring-version>

</properties>

<build>

<finalName>${final.name}</finalName>

<plugins>

<plugin>

<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-jetty-plugin</artifactId>

<version>6.1.10</version>

<configuration>

<connectors>

<connector implementation="org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector">

<port>9090</port>

<maxIdleTime>60000</maxIdleTime>

</connector>

</connectors>

</configuration>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

            <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>

            <version>2.1.1</version>

<configuration>

            <overlays>

            <overlay>

<groupId>TransactionResource</groupId>

<artifactId>TransactionResource</artifactId>

            <excludes>

            <exclude>WEB-INF/web.xml</exclude>

            </excludes>

            </overlay>

            </overlays>

            <webResources>

            <resource>

            <directory>${runtime.env}</directory>

            <targetPath>WEB-INF/classes</targetPath>

            </resource>

            </webResources>

</configuration>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.3.2</version>

<configuration>

<source>1.6</source>

<target>1.6</target>

</configuration>

</plugin>

</plugins>

</build>

<dependencies>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>

<version>${spring-version}</version>

<exclusions>

<exclusion>

<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>

        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

</exclusion>

</exclusions>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>opensymphony</groupId>

<artifactId>sitemesh</artifactId>

<version>2.4.2</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>jstl</groupId>

<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>

<version>1.2</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>

<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>

<version>2.5</version>

<scope>provided</scope>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>

<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>

<version>2.2</version>

<scope>provided</scope>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>TransactionResource</groupId>

<artifactId>TransactionResource</artifactId>

<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

<type>war</type>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>

<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>

<version>4.2.0.Final</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>

<artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>

<version>1.9.4</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>log4j</groupId>

<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>

<version>1.2.16</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>

<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>

<version>1.1.1</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>net.sf.dozer</groupId>

<artifactId>dozer</artifactId>

<version>5.3.2</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>

<version>${spring-version}</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>

<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>

<version>1.4</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>com.microsoft.sqlserver</groupId>

<artifactId>sqljdbc</artifactId>

<version>4</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>

<version>${spring-version}</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>junit</groupId>

<artifactId>junit</artifactId>

<version>4.8.2</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>

<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>

<version>1.6.4</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>

<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>

<version>1.6.4</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>javax.mail</groupId>

<artifactId>mail</artifactId>

<version>1.4</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>

<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>

<version>1.2.1</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>commons-io</groupId>

<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>

<version>1.4</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>

<artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>

<version>1.8.3</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>commons-collections</groupId>

<artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>

<version>3.2.1</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>

<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>

<version>1.5</version>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

<profiles>

<profile>

        <id>dev</id>

        <activation>

        <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>

        </activation>

<properties>

        <runtime.env>src/main/env/dev</runtime.env>

<final.name>webapp</final.name>

</properties>

<dependencies>

<dependency>

        <groupId>com.eightqiu</groupId>

        <artifactId>CodeCmns</artifactId>

    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

</profile>

<profile>

        <id>qa</id>

<properties>

        <runtime.env>src/main/env/qa</runtime.env>

        <final.name>webapp_${buildNumber}</final.name>

</properties>

    <build>

<plugins>

        <plugin>

        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>

        <artifactId>buildnumber-maven-plugin</artifactId>

        <version>1.1</version>

        <executions>

        <execution>

        <phase>validate</phase>

        <goals>

        <goal>create</goal>

        </goals>

        </execution>

        </executions>

    <configuration>

        <format>{0,date,yyyyMMdd}</format>

        <items>

        <item>timestamp</item>

        </items>

    </configuration>

        </plugin>

</plugins>

    </build>

        <reporting>

<plugins>

        <plugin>

    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

        <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>

        <version>2.8.1</version>

        </plugin>

</plugins>

        </reporting>

<dependencies>

<dependency>

        <groupId>com.eightqiu</groupId>

        <artifactId>CodeCmns</artifactId>

    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

        <scope>provided</scope>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

</profile>

<profile>

        <id>prod</id>

<properties>

        <runtime.env>src/main/env/prod</runtime.env>

<final.name>webapp</final.name>

</properties>

<dependencies>

<dependency>

        <groupId>com.eightqiu</groupId>

        <artifactId>CodeCmns</artifactId>

    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

        <scope>provided</scope>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

</profile>

</profiles>

</project>


转载自：http://www.8qiu.cn/archives/1096
                                            

                                        

                        
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