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Android上传文件到Django服务器

2014-08-01 17:31 417 查看

首先是Django服务器，先参考这篇文章：/article/4666306.html

model

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class User(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length = 30)
headImg = models.FileField(upload_to = './upload/')

def __unicode__(self):
return self.username

temlpates

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>register</h1>
<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" >
{{uf.as_p}}
<input type="submit" value="ok"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>

view

#coding=utf-8
from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response
from django import forms
from django.http import HttpResponse
from disk.models import User

# Create your views here.
class UserForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField()
headImg = forms.FileField()

def register(request):
if request.method == "POST":
uf = UserForm(request.POST,request.FILES)
if uf.is_valid():
#获取表单信息
username = uf.cleaned_data['username']
headImg = uf.cleaned_data['headImg']
#写入数据库
user = User()
user.username = username
user.headImg = headImg
user.save()
return HttpResponse('upload ok!')
else:
uf = UserForm()
return render_to_response('register.html',{'uf':uf})

这样数据库里保存的就是路径，而文件会被放在文件系统里面

FileField说明会被传到MEDIA_ROOT下的upload文件夹中
所以在settings.py要设定

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'../media/')#文件目录

MEDIA_URL = '/media/'#文件URL

在nginx中也要设定media目录，最好和django的一样。

还有在urls.py中

url(r"^media/(?P<path>.*)$","django.views.static.serve",{"document_root": settings.MEDIA_ROOT,})

其中还有一个问题，就是提交表单的时候，不设定action，froms会提交到本URL去处理，而这样会忽略最后的"/"

会报错：You called this URL via POST, but the URL doesn’t end in a slash and you have APPEND_SLASH set FLASE

所以可以把APPEND_SLASH设成FLASE，或者把urls.py里的URL变成没有“/”的，因为这样会导致每次访问自动添加一个“/”在URL后面

这样我们就实现了一个网页版上传的页面，然后就到Android端上传到服务器。

import android.content.Context;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.widget.Toast;

import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;

import java.io.File;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

import la.zhitu.mima.utils.HttpRequestManager;

public class Async_Upload extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, String> {

private Context mContext;

public Async_Upload(Context listener) {
mContext = listener;
}

@Override
protected String doInBackground(Void... params) {
try {
HttpRequestManager post = new HttpRequestManager();
post.setCharset(HTTP.UTF_8)
.setConnectionTimeout(5000)
.setSoTimeout(10000);
final ContentType TEXT_PLAIN = ContentType.create("text/plain",
Charset.forName(HTTP.UTF_8));
post.setOnHttpRequestListener(new HttpRequestManager.OnHttpRequestListener() {

@Override
public void onRequest(HttpRequestManager request) throws Exception {
//设置发送请求的header信息

//配置要POST的数据
MultipartEntityBuilder builder = request.getMultipartEntityBuilder();
builder.addTextBody("username", mMessage.getContent(), TEXT_PLAIN);//中文

//附件部分
builder.addBinaryBody("headImg", new File(
Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
+ AppConstants.OUTPUT_IMAGE_PATH));

request.buildPostEntity();
}

@Override
public String onSucceed(int statusCode, HttpRequestManager request) throws Exception {
return request.getInputStream();
}

@Override
public String onFailed(int statusCode, HttpRequestManager request) throws Exception {
return request.getInputStream();
}
});

//发起请求
String retSrc = post.post("http://bianlidian8.com/test");

if (TextUtils.isEmpty(retSrc)) {
return null;
}
return retSrc;
} catch (Throwable e) {
Debug_AdLog.e(e);
}
return null;
}
}

其中最有用的类是HttpRequestManager，需要httpcore-4.3.2和httpmime-4.3.3包，然后可以执行一些网络请求的类（来自网络）

package la.zhitu.mima.utils;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpRequestBase;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.HttpMultipartMode;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.params.BasicHttpParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpConnectionParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

public class HttpRequestManager {
public final String HTTP_GET = "GET";

public final String HTTP_POST = "POST";

/**
* 当前请求的 URL
*/
protected String url = "";

/**
* HTTP 请求的类型
*/
protected String requsetType = HTTP_GET;

/**
* 连接请求的超时时间
*/
protected int connectionTimeout = 5000;

/**
* 读取远程数据的超时时间
*/
protected int soTimeout = 10000;

/**
* 服务端返回的状态码
*/
protected int statusCode = -1;

/**
* 当前链接的字符编码
*/
protected String charset = HTTP.UTF_8;

/**
* HTTP GET 请求管理器
*/
protected HttpRequestBase httpRequest = null;

/**
* HTTP 请求的配置参数
*/
protected HttpParams httpParameters = null;

/**
* HTTP 请求响应
*/
protected HttpResponse httpResponse = null;

/**
* HTTP 客户端连接管理器
*/
protected HttpClient httpClient = null;

/**
* HTTP POST 方式发送多段数据管理器
*/
protected MultipartEntityBuilder multipartEntityBuilder = null;

/**
* 绑定 HTTP 请求的事件监听器
*/
protected OnHttpRequestListener onHttpRequestListener = null;

public HttpRequestManager() {
}

public HttpRequestManager(OnHttpRequestListener listener) {
this.setOnHttpRequestListener(listener);
}

/**
* 设置当前请求的链接
*
* @param url
* @return
*/
public HttpRequestManager setUrl(String url) {
this.url = url;
return this;
}

/**
* 设置连接超时时间
*
* @param timeout 单位（毫秒），默认 5000
* @return
*/
public HttpRequestManager setConnectionTimeout(int timeout) {
this.connectionTimeout = timeout;
return this;
}

/**
* 设置 socket 读取超时时间
*
* @param timeout 单位（毫秒），默认 10000
* @return
*/
public HttpRequestManager setSoTimeout(int timeout) {
this.soTimeout = timeout;
return this;
}

/**
* 设置获取内容的编码格式
*
* @param charset 默认为 UTF-8
* @return
*/
public HttpRequestManager setCharset(String charset) {
this.charset = charset;
return this;
}

/**
* 获取当前 HTTP 请求的类型
*
* @return
*/
public String getRequestType() {
return this.requsetType;
}

/**
* 判断当前是否 HTTP GET 请求
*
* @return
*/
public boolean isGet() {
return this.requsetType == HTTP_GET;
}

/**
* 判断当前是否 HTTP POST 请求
*
* @return
*/
public boolean isPost() {
return this.requsetType == HTTP_POST;
}

/**
* 获取 HTTP 请求响应信息
*
* @return
*/
public HttpResponse getHttpResponse() {
return this.httpResponse;
}

/**
* 获取 HTTP 客户端连接管理器
*
* @return
*/
public HttpClient getHttpClient() {
return this.httpClient;
}

/**
* 添加一条 HTTP 请求的 header 信息
*
* @param name
* @param value
* @return
*/
public HttpRequestManager addHeader(String name, String value) {
this.httpRequest.addHeader(name, value);
return this;
}

/**
* 获取 HTTP GET 控制器
*
* @return
*/
public HttpGet getHttpGet() {
return (HttpGet) this.httpRequest;
}

/**
* 获取 HTTP POST 控制器
*
* @return
*/
public HttpPost getHttpPost() {
return (HttpPost) this.httpRequest;
}

/**
* 获取请求的状态码
*
* @return
*/
public int getStatusCode() {
return this.statusCode;
}

/**
* 通过 GET 方式请求数据
*
* @param url
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public String get(String url) throws Exception {
this.requsetType = HTTP_GET;
// 设置当前请求的链接
this.setUrl(url);
// 新建 HTTP GET 请求
this.httpRequest = new HttpGet(this.url);
// 执行客户端请求
this.httpClientExecute();
// 监听服务端响应事件并返回服务端内容
return this.checkStatus();
}

/**
* 获取 HTTP POST 多段数据提交管理器
*
* @return
*/
public MultipartEntityBuilder getMultipartEntityBuilder() {
if (this.multipartEntityBuilder == null) {
this.multipartEntityBuilder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
// 设置为浏览器兼容模式
multipartEntityBuilder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
// 设置请求的编码格式
multipartEntityBuilder.setCharset(Charset.forName(this.charset));
}
return this.multipartEntityBuilder;
}

/**
* 配置完要 POST 提交的数据后, 执行该方法生成数据实体等待发送
*/
public void buildPostEntity() {
// 生成 HTTP POST 实体
HttpEntity httpEntity = this.multipartEntityBuilder.build();
this.getHttpPost().setEntity(httpEntity);
}

/**
* 发送 POST 请求
*
* @param url
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public String post(String url) throws Exception {
this.requsetType = HTTP_POST;
// 设置当前请求的链接
this.setUrl(url);
// 新建 HTTP POST 请求
this.httpRequest = new HttpPost(this.url);
// 执行客户端请求
this.httpClientExecute();
// 监听服务端响应事件并返回服务端内容
return this.checkStatus();
}

/**
* 执行 HTTP 请求
*
* @throws Exception
*/
protected void httpClientExecute() throws Exception {
// 配置 HTTP 请求参数
this.httpParameters = new BasicHttpParams();
this.httpParameters.setParameter("charset", this.charset);
// 设置 连接请求超时时间
HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(this.httpParameters, this.connectionTimeout);
// 设置 socket 读取超时时间
HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(this.httpParameters, this.soTimeout);
// 开启一个客户端 HTTP 请求
this.httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(this.httpParameters);
// 启动 HTTP POST 请求执行前的事件监听回调操作(如: 自定义提交的数据字段或上传的文件等)
this.getOnHttpRequestListener().onRequest(this);
// 发送 HTTP 请求并获取服务端响应状态
this.httpResponse = this.httpClient.execute(this.httpRequest);
// 获取请求返回的状态码
this.statusCode = this.httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
}

/**
* 读取服务端返回的输入流并转换成字符串返回
*
* @throws Exception
*/
public String getInputStream() throws Exception {
// 接收远程输入流
InputStream inStream = this.httpResponse.getEntity().getContent();
// 分段读取输入流数据
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int len = -1;
while ((len = inStream.read(buf)) != -1) {
baos.write(buf, 0, len);
}
// 数据接收完毕退出
inStream.close();
// 将数据转换为字符串保存
return new String(baos.toByteArray(), this.charset);
}

/**
* 关闭连接管理器释放资源
*/
protected void shutdownHttpClient() {
if (this.httpClient != null && this.httpClient.getConnectionManager() != null) {
this.httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
}
}

/**
* 监听服务端响应事件并返回服务端内容
*
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
protected String checkStatus() throws Exception {
OnHttpRequestListener listener = this.getOnHttpRequestListener();
String content;
if (this.statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
// 请求成功, 回调监听事件
content = listener.onSucceed(this.statusCode, this);
} else {
// 请求失败或其他, 回调监听事件
content = listener.onFailed(this.statusCode, this);
}
// 关闭连接管理器释放资源
this.shutdownHttpClient();
return content;
}

/**
* HTTP 请求操作时的事件监听接口
*/
public interface OnHttpRequestListener {
/**
* 初始化 HTTP GET 或 POST 请求之前的 header 信息配置 或 其他数据配置等操作
*
* @param request
* @throws Exception
*/
public void onRequest(HttpRequestManager request) throws Exception;

/**
* 当 HTTP 请求响应成功时的回调方法
*
* @param statusCode 当前状态码
* @param request
* @return 返回请求获得的字符串内容
* @throws Exception
*/
public String onSucceed(int statusCode, HttpRequestManager request) throws Exception;

/**
* 当 HTTP 请求响应失败时的回调方法
*
* @param statusCode 当前状态码
* @param request
* @return 返回请求失败的提示内容
* @throws Exception
*/
public String onFailed(int statusCode, HttpRequestManager request) throws Exception;
}

/**
* 绑定 HTTP 请求的监听事件
*
* @param listener
* @return
*/
public HttpRequestManager setOnHttpRequestListener(OnHttpRequestListener listener) {
this.onHttpRequestListener = listener;
return this;
}

/**
* 获取已绑定过的 HTTP 请求监听事件
*
* @return
*/
public OnHttpRequestListener getOnHttpRequestListener() {
return this.onHttpRequestListener;
}
}

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