Android 启动后台运行程序(Service)

Android开发中，当需要创建在后台运行的程序的时候，就要使用到Service。Service 可以分为有无限生命和有限生命两种。特别需要注意的是Service跟Activities是不同的（简单来说可以理解为后台与前台的区别），例如，如果需要使用Service的话，需要调用startService(),从而利用startService()去调用Service中的OnCreate()和onStart()方法来启动一个后台的Service。

启动一个Service的过程如下：context.startService() ->onCreate()- >onStart()->Service running其中onCreate()可以进行一些服务的初始化工作，onStart()则启动服务。

停止一个Service的过程如下：context.stopService() | ->onDestroy() ->Service stop。

接下来的实例是一个利用后台服务播放音乐的小例子，点击start运行服务，点击stop停止服务。

ServicesDemo.java（是一个Activity）

[java]
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package com.android.myservice;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;

public class ServiceDemo extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
private static final String TAG = "ServiceDemo";
Button buttonStart, buttonStop;

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);

buttonStart = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonStart);
buttonStop = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonStop);

buttonStart.setOnClickListener(this);
buttonStop.setOnClickListener(this);
}

public void onClick(View src) {
switch (src.getId()) {
case R.id.buttonStart:
Log.i(TAG, "onClick: starting service");
startService(new Intent(this, MyService.class));
break;
case R.id.buttonStop:
Log.i(TAG, "onClick: stopping service");
stopService(new Intent(this, MyService.class));
break;
}
}
}

除此之外还要在Manifest里面声明服务:(AndroidManifest.xml)

[html]
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.android.myservice">
<application android:label="@string/app_name">
<activity android:name=".ServiceDemo" android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<service android:enabled="true" android:name=".MyService"/>
</application>
</manifest>

定义Service(MyService.java)

[java]
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package com.android.myservice;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.media.MediaPlayer;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MyService extends Service {
private static final String TAG = "MyService";
MediaPlayer player;

@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}

@Override
public void onCreate() {
Toast.makeText(this, "My Service created", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");

player = MediaPlayer.create(this, R.raw.braincandy);
player.setLooping(false);
}

@Override
public void onDestroy() {
Toast.makeText(this, "My Service Stoped", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
Log.i(TAG, "onDestroy");
player.stop();
}

@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startid) {
Toast.makeText(this, "My Service Start", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
Log.i(TAG, "onStart");
player.start();
}
}

layout文件夹中是main.xml

[html]
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:gravity="center">
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/services_demo" android:gravity="center" android:textSize="20sp" android:padding="20dp"/>
<Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/buttonStart" android:text="@string/start"></Button>
<Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/stop" android:id="@+id/buttonStop"></Button>
</LinearLayout>

values 文件夹中是strings.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<resources>
<string name="start">Start</string>
<string name="stop">Stop</string>
<string name="services_demo">Service Demo</string>
</resources>