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Python学习之socket模块

2014-07-21 10:47 302 查看
Python的socket模块为操作系统的socket实现提供了一个python接口。

In [168]: import socket

In [169]: s=socket.socket()

In [170]: s.connect(("127.0.0.1",80))

In [171]: s.send("GET / HTTP/1.1\n\n")
Out[171]: 16

In [172]: s.recv(200)
Out[172]: 'HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request\r\nServer: nginx\r\nDate: Mon, 21 Jul 2014 02:34:14 GMT\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\nContent-Length: 166\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n<html>\r\n<head><title>400 Bad Request</title></head>\r\n<b'

In [173]: s.close()
先创建一个名为s的socket对象，然后连接到本地的Nginx服务器，这里要注意一下connect只能带一个参数，如果是IP和端口对需要用括号括住。然后通过send()函数发送一个HTTP请求，然后接收服务端响应的前200个字节。最后关闭socket连接

#/usr/bin/python
import socket
import re
import sys

def check_server(address, port):
s=socket.socket()
print "Attempting to connect to %s on port %s" %(address,port)
try:
s.connect((address,port))
print "Connected to %s on port %s" %(address,port)
return True
except socket.error,e:
print "Connection to %s on port %s failed: %s" %(address,port,e)
return False

if __name__ == '__main__':
from optparse import OptionParser
parser = OptionParser()
parser.add_option("-a", "--address", dest="address",default='localhost', help="Address for the server", metavar="ADDRESS")
parser.add_option("-p", "--port", dest="port",type="int", default=80,help="PORT for server",metavar="PORT")

(options, args) = parser.parse_args()

print 'options: %s,args: %s' %(options,args)
check=check_server(options.address,options.port)
print 'check server returned %s' %check
sys.exit(not check)
以上程序用于探测远程主机的端口状态，通过socket的connect()函数去尝试连接远程主机的给定端口。后面主要用到optparse模块添加选项。
$ python  tcp_port_checker.py -a 10.10.41.20 -p 80
options: {'port': 80, 'address': '10.10.41.20'},args: []
Attempting to connect to 10.10.41.20 on port 80
Connected to 10.10.41.20 on port 80
check server returned True
$ python  tcp_port_checker.py -a 10.10.41.20 -p 80 && echo "SUCCESS"
options: {'port': 80, 'address': '10.10.41.20'},args: []
Attempting to connect to 10.10.41.20 on port 80
Connected to 10.10.41.20 on port 80
check server returned True
SUCCESS
$ python  tcp_port_checker.py -a 10.10.41.20 -p 81 || echo "FAILURE"
options: {'port': 81, 'address': '10.10.41.20'},args: []
Attempting to connect to 10.10.41.20 on port 81
Connection to 10.10.41.20 on port 81 failed: [Errno 111] Connection refused
check server returned False
FAILURE
一个web server的80端口开放并不能代表这台服务器上就运行着web服务，还需要通过HTTP响应返回值来判断。

#/usr/bin/python
import socket
import re
import sys

def check_webserver(address,port,resource):
if not resource.startswith('/'):
resource = '/' + resource
request_string = "GET %s HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: %s\r\n\r\n" %(resource,address)
print 'HTTP request:'
print '|||%s|||' %request_string

s=socket.socket()
print "Attempting to connect to %s on port %s" %(address,port)
try:
s.connect((address,port))
print "Connected to %s on port %s" %(address,port)
s.send(request_string)
rsp=s.recv(100)
print "Received 100 bytes of HTTP response"
print '|||%s|||' %rsp
except socket.error,e:
print "Connection to %s on port %s failed: %s" %(address,port,e)
print "Closing the connection"
s.close()

lines=rsp.splitlines()
print "First line of HTTP response: %s" %lines[0]
try:
version,status,message=re.split(r'\s+',lines[0],2)
print 'Version: %s, Status: %s, Message: %s'  %(version,status,message)
except ValueError:
print 'Failed to split status line'
return False
if status in ['200','301']:
print 'Success - status was %s' %status
return True
else:
print 'Status was %s' %status
return False

if __name__ == '__main__':
from optparse import OptionParser
parser = OptionParser()
parser.add_option("-a","--address",dest="address",default='localhost',help="ADDRESS for webserver",metavar="ADDRESS")
parser.add_option("-p","--port",dest="port",type="int",default=80,help="PORT for webserver",metavar="PORT")
parser.add_option("-r","--resource",dest="resource",default='index.html',help="RESOURCE for webserver",metavar="RESOURCE")
(options,args)=parser.parse_args()
print 'options: %s,args: %s' %(options,args)
check=check_webserver(options.address,options.port,options.resource)
print 'check_webserver returned %s' %check
sys.exit(not check)
以上程序主要通过check_webserver函数去探测HTTP服务，检测端口是否可以连接，并发送HTTP请求，通过web server的返回值进行判断。

$ python tcp_port_checker2.py -a 10.10.41.20 -p 80 -r index.php
options: {'resource': 'index.php', 'port': 80, 'address': '10.10.41.20'},args: []
HTTP request:
|||GET /index.php HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.10.41.20

|||
Attempting to connect to 10.10.41.20 on port 80
Connected to 10.10.41.20 on port 80
Received 100 bytes of HTTP response
|||HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Server: nginx
Date: Tue, 22 Jul 2014 03:24:17 GMT
|||tent-Type: text/html
Closing the connection
First line of HTTP response: HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Version: HTTP/1.1, Status: 404, Message: Not Found
Status was 404
check_webserver returned False


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