读写分离+HA（mysql proxy+keepalived+mysql mmm）

数据库的整体架构

架构说明：1， 数据库之间做主从复制，实现双主多备2， 在数据库之间利用mysql-mmm套件实现HA，并用monitor进行监听3， 利用mysql-proxy进行读写分离4， 利用keepalived实现mysql-proxy的高可用优势：1， 数据库得到高可用的保护，当主库其中一个节点宕机，备用的主库进行切换，保证应用的正常进行。2， 利用mysql-proxy进行读写分离，可以减轻主库的负载，并且能对从库进行负载均衡。3， 对mysql-proxy采用keepalived的方法，实现对应用层的透明，并且保证mysql-proxy的高可用性。4， 利用mysql-proxy可为日后的数据库改造，切分提供了有利的条件。

软件：

Mysql数据库 mysql-5.0.87.tar.gz Mysql-mmm套件（做数据库的高可用） mysql-mmm-2.2.1.tar.gzKeepalived套件（做mysqlproxy代理的高可用）Mysql-proxy软件（实现读写分离）

IP与服务器hostname分配

192.168.21.5 monitor192.168.21.11 master1192.168.21.12 master2192.168.21.13 slave1192.168.21.14 slave2192.168.21.15 mysqlproxy1192.168.21.16 mysqlproxy2

数据库软件的安装：

#移动数据库软件包到/usr/src目录下[root@test ~]# mv mysql-5.0.87.tar.gz /usr/src/#解压数据库软件包[root@test src]# tar –xzvf mysql-5.0.87.tar.gz#建立目录[root@test src]# mkdir /var/run/mysqld#建立日志目录[root@test src]# mkdir /var/log/mysqld#添加mysql组[root@test src]# groupadd mysql#添加mysql用户[root@test src]# useradd –g mysql mysql[root@test src]# cd /usr/src/mysql-5.0.87#配置mysql--prefix=/usr/local/mysql #安装目录--with-charset=gb2312 #设置字符集--with-extra-charsets=gb2312,utf8,gbk #设置额外支持字符集--with-server-suffix="-yzmyt" #添加数据库名称的后缀--with-pthread 支持多线程--with-unix-socket-path=/var/run/mysqld/mysql5.socket #设置unix socket路径--with-tcp-port=3306 #设置通信端口--with-mysqld-user=mysql #设置mysql用户--with-big-tables #设置支持大表--with-debug #设置为debug状态--with-***-storage-engine #设置示例支持的存储引擎[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --enable-local-infile --with-charset=gb2312 --with-extra-charsets=gb2312,utf8,gbk --with-server-suffix="-yzmyt" --with-pthread --with-unix-socket-path=/var/run/mysqld/mysql5.socket --with-tcp-port=3306 --with-mysqld-user=mysql --with-zlib-dir=/usr --with-libwrap=/usr --with-low-memory --with-mysqlmanager --with-openssl --with-big-tables --with-debug --with-example-storage-engine --with-archive-storage-engine --with-csv-storage-engine --with-blackhole-storage-engine --with-ndbcluster --with-ndb-docs --with-ndb-test --with-federated-storage-engine#编译[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# make#安装[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# make install#创建my.cnf所在的文件文件目录[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/etc#创建my.cnf[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# vi /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf#添加：

[mysqld]#数据文件存储路径datadir=/data-source#socket文件路径socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysql5.socket#pid文件路径pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysql5.pid#log日志文件路径log=/var/log/mysqld/mysql5.log#错误日志文件路径log-error=/var/log/mysqld/mysql5-error.log#端口port=3306#所属用户user=mysql#默认存储引擎为innodbdefault-storage-engine=INNODB#初始化连接，设置为关闭自动提交init_connect='set autocommit=0'#日志形式log-bin=mysql-bin#服务器编号server-id=1

#修改文件夹的所属组[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# chown mysql:mysql /var/log/mysqld /var/run/mysqld /usr/src/local/mysql-5.0.87 -R#创建数据文件所在文件夹[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# mkdir /data-source#修改数据文件所在文件夹的属组[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# chown mysql:mysql /data-source -R#安装mysql数据库[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data-source/ --user=mysql#拷贝服务启动文件[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# cp /usr/src/mysql-5.0.87/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql5#改变mysql5的权限[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql5#启动数据库[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# service mysql5 startStarting MySQL SUCCESS!#进入数据库[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 147Server version: 5.0.87-yzmyt-debug-log Source distributionType 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || test |+--------------------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

同理安装数据库到master2,slave1,slave2上

配置双主多从复制

先配置master1和master2之间的互相复制在master1上执行：[root@master1 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot –p

Enter password:Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 6Server version: 5.0.87-terry-debug-log Source distributionType 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.创建用户允许远程访问本库mysql> grant replication slave,file on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.1.12' identified by '123456';#刷新权限mysql> flush privileges;

在master2上执行：[root@master2 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot –p

Enter password:Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 6Server version: 5.0.87-terry-debug-log Source distributionType 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> grant replication slave,file on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.1.11' identified by '123456';mysql> flush privileges;

然后修改master1和master2上的my.cnfmaster1上添加

log-bin=mysql-binserver-id=1log-slave-updatesslave-skip-errors=allsync_binlog=1auto_increment_increment=2auto_increment_offset=1

master2上添加在master1上执行[root@master1 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot –p

log-bin=mysql-bin server-id = 2 log-slave-updates slave-skip-errors=all sync_binlog=1 auto_increment_increment=2 auto_increment_offset=2

Enter password:Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 7Server version: 5.0.87-terry-debug-log Source distributionType 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.#刷新表为只读状态mysql> flush tables with read lock;#查看主的状态mysql> show master status\G*************************** 1. row *************************** File: mysql-bin.000008 Position: 98 Binlog_Do_DB:Binlog_Ignore_DB:1 row in set (0.00 sec)#锁表mysql> unlock tables;#关闭slave应用mysql> stop slave;#修改主上的log应用mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.12',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000008', master_log_pos=98;mysql> start slave;

在master1上执行[root@master2 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot –p

Enter password:Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 7Server version: 5.0.87-terry-debug-log Source distributionType 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.#刷新表为只读模式mysql> flush tables with read lock;#查看master状态mysql> show master status\G*************************** 1. row *************************** File: mysql-bin.000008 Position: 98 Binlog_Do_DB:Binlog_Ignore_DB:1 row in set (0.00 sec)#将表解锁mysql> unlock tables;#停止slave应用mysql> stop slave;#在master上进行应用mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.11',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000008', master_log_pos=98;#启动日志应用mysql> start slave;

查看slave状态Slave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes进行检测：在master1中新建一个表，在master2中同时进行生成。双主互为热备完成。对两台slave主机进行单向复制只要修改my.cnf单向复制的资料网上很多，在此不再赘述主备都完成的情况是：在master1，master2上随便在一台上修改数据，在任何一台机器上都可以看到变化。