使用dmidecode命令查看硬件信息

MIDECODE(8)
NAME
       dmidecode - DMI table decoder //Direct Media Interface，直接媒体接口，连接主板南北桥的总线

SYNOPSIS
       dmidecode [OPTIONS]

DESCRIPTION
       dmidecode is a tool for dumping a computer’s DMI (some say SMBIOS) table contents in a human-readable format. 
       This table contains a description of the system’s hardware components, 
       as well as other useful pieces of information such as serial numbers and BIOS revision. 
       Thanks to this table,you  can  retrieve this information without having to probe for the actual hardware.  
       While this is a good point in terms of report speed and safeness, 
       this also makes the presented information possibly unreliable.

       The DMI table doesn’t only describe what the system is currently made of, it also can report 
       the possible evolutions (such as the fastest supported CPU or the maximal amount of memory supported).

       SMBIOS stands for System Management BIOS, while DMI stands for Desktop Management Interface. 
       Both standards are tightly related and developed by the DMTF (Desktop Management Task Force).

       As you run it, dmidecode will try to locate the DMI table. If it succeeds, 
       it will then parse this table and display a  list  of  records  like this one:
       Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 8 bytes.  Base Board Information
               Manufacturer: Intel
               Product Name: C440GX+
               Version: 727281-001
               Serial Number: INCY92700942
       Each record has:
       · A  handle.  This is a unique identifier, which allows records to reference each other. 
         For example, processor records usually reference cache memory records using their handles.
       · A type. The SMBIOS specification defines different types of elements a computer can be made of. 
         In this example, the type is 2,which  means that the record contains "Base Board Information".
       · A  size.  Each record has a 4-byte header (2 for the handle, 1 for the type, 1 for the size), 
       <span style="white-space:pre">		</span>the rest is used by the record data. This value doesn’t take text strings into account 
       <span style="white-space:pre">		</span>(these are placed at the end of the record), so the actual length of the record may be
       <span style="white-space:pre">		</span>(and is  often) greater than the displayed value.
       · Decoded values. The information presented of course depends on the type of record. 
         Here, we learn about the board’s manufacturer, model, version and serial number.

OPTIONS
       -d, --dev-mem FILE
              Read memory from device FILE (default: /dev/mem)

       -q, --quiet
              Be less verbose. Unknown, inactive and OEM-specific entries are not displayed. 
              Meta-data and handle references are hidden.

       -s, --string KEYWORD
              Only display the value of the DMI string identified by KEYWORD.  
              KEYWORD must be a keyword from the following list:  bios-vendor,bios-version, 
              bios-release-date, system-manufacturer, system-product-name, system-version, 
              system-serial-number, system-uuid, baseboard-manufacturer, baseboard-product-name, 
              baseboard-version, baseboard-serial-number, baseboard-asset-tag,chassis-manufacturer,
              chassis-type, chassis-version, chassis-serial-number,chassis-asset-tag, processor-family, 
              processor-manufacturer, processor-version, processor-frequency.  
              Each keyword corresponds to a given DMI type and a given offset within this entry type.  
              Not all strings may be  meaningful or even defined on all systems. 
              Some keywords may return more than one result on some systems 
              (e.g. processor-version on a multi-processor system).  
              If KEYWORD is not provided or not valid, a list of all valid keywords is printed 
              and dmidecode  exits  with  an  error.   
              This option cannot be used more than once.

       -t, --type TYPE
              Only  display  the  entries  of type TYPE. TYPE can be either a DMI type number, 
              or a comma-separated list of type numbers, or a keyword from the following list: 
              bios, system, baseboard, chassis, processor, memory, cache, connector, slot. 
              Refer to  the  DMI  TYPES  section below  for  details.   
              If this option is used more than once, the set of displayed entries will be  
              the union of all the given types.  If TYPE is not provided or not valid, 
              a list of all valid keywords is printed and dmidecode exits with an error.

       -u, --dump
              Do not decode the entries, dump their contents as hexadecimal instead.  
              Note that this is still a text output, no binary  data  will  be thrown upon you. 
              The strings attached to each entry are displayed as both hexadecimal and ASCII. 
              This option is mainly useful for debugging.

           --dump-bin FILE
              Do not decode the entries, instead dump the DMI data to a file in binary form. 
              The generated file is suitable  to  pass  to  --from-dump later.

           --from-dump FILE
              Read the DMI data from a binary file previously generated using --dump-bin.

       -h, --help
              Display usage information and exit

       -V, --version
              Display the version and exit

       Options --string, --type and --dump-bin determine the output format and are mutually exclusive.

DMI TYPES
       The SMBIOS specification defines the following DMI types:
       Type   Information
       ----------------------------------------
          0   BIOS
          1   System
          2   Base Board
          3   Chassis
          4   Processor
          5   Memory Controller
          6   Memory Module
          7   Cache
          8   Port Connector
          9   System Slots
         10   On Board Devices
         11   OEM Strings
         12   System Configuration Options
         13   BIOS Language
         14   Group Associations
         15   System Event Log
         16   Physical Memory Array
         17   Memory Device
         18   32-bit Memory Error
         19   Memory Array Mapped Address
         20   Memory Device Mapped Address
         21   Built-in Pointing Device
         22   Portable Battery
         23   System Reset
         24   Hardware Security
         25   System Power Controls
         26   Voltage Probe
         27   Cooling Device
         28   Temperature Probe
         29   Electrical Current Probe
         30   Out-of-band Remote Access
         31   Boot Integrity Services
         32   System Boot
         33   64-bit Memory Error
         34   Management Device
         35   Management Device Component
         36   Management Device Threshold Data
         37   Memory Channel
         38   IPMI Device
         39   Power Supply
         40   Additional Information
         41   Onboard Device

       Additionally, type 126 is used for disabled entries and type 127 is an end-of-table marker. 
       Types 128 to 255 are for OEM-specific data. dmidecode will display these entries by default, 
       but it can only decode them when the vendors have contributed documentation or code for them.

       Keywords can be used instead of type numbers with --type.  
       Each keyword is equivalent to a list of type numbers:
       Keyword     Types
       ------------------------------
       bios        0, 13
       system      1, 12, 15, 23, 32
       baseboard   2, 10, 41
       chassis     3
       processor   4
       memory      5, 6, 16, 17
       cache       7
       connector   8
       slot        9

       Keywords are matched case-insensitively. The following command lines are equivalent:
       · dmidecode --type 0 --type 13
       · dmidecode --type 0,13
       · dmidecode --type bios
       · dmidecode --type BIOS

BINARY DUMP FILE FORMAT
       The binary dump files generated by --dump-bin and read using --from-dump are formatted as follows:
       · The SMBIOS or DMI entry point is located at offset 0x00.  
         It is crafted to hard-code the table address at offset 0x20.
       · The DMI table is located at offset 0x20.

FILES
       /dev/mem

BUGS
       More often than not, information contained in the DMI tables is inaccurate, incomplete or simply wrong.

AUTHORS
       Alan Cox, Jean Delvare

SEE ALSO
       biosdecode(8), mem(4), ownership(8), vpddecode(8)