python 字典(dict)遍历的四种方法性能测试报告

python中，遍历dict的方法有四种。但这四种遍历的性能如何呢？我做了如下的测试

l = [(x,x) for x in xrange(10000)]
d = dict(l)

from time import clock

t0=clock()
for i in d:
 t = i + d[i]
t1=clock()

for k,v in d.items():
 t = k + v
t2=clock()

for k,v in d.iteritems():
 t = k + v
t3=clock()

for k,v in zip(d.iterkeys(),d.itervalues()):
 t = k + v
t4=clock()

print t1-t0, t2-t1, t3-t2, t4-t3

将这段脚本运行5次，结果如下：

python test.py
0.00184039735833 0.00326492977712 0.00214993552657 0.00311549755797

python test.py
0.00182356570728 0.00339342506446 0.00234863111466 0.00321566640817

python test.py
0.00185107108827 0.00324563495762 0.00211175641563 0.00313479237748

python test.py
0.0018215130669 0.00320950848705 0.00215814608806 0.00322798225041

python test.py
0.00216635664955 0.00391807994377 0.00207604047314 0.00322757172233

显然第一种方法效率最高，第三种方法略差一点但相差无几，方法二四性能就差得多

不过实际的差别不是太大，不必过于纠结