xtrabackup 备份mysql数据库三：partial backup 部分备份及恢复

innobackup 部分备份恢复实验

三种方式：

## Using the --include option

The command above will create a timestamped directory with the usual files that innobackupex creates, 

but only the data files related to the tables matched.

Note that this option is passed to xtrabackup --tables and is matched against each table of each database,

the directories of each database will be created even if they are empty.

该方式会将没有备份表的数据库目录也生成，支持模式匹配

--备份test库t_innodb开头的表

$ innobackupex --user=bkpuser --password=s3cret --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --include='^test[.]t_innodb' 

--备份test库下所有的表

$ innobackupex --user=bkpuser --password=s3cret --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --include='^test[.]' 

## Using the --tables-file option

Note that this option is passed to xtrabackup --tables and is matched against each table of each database, 

the directories of each database will be created even if they are empty.

该方式不能实现模式匹配，只生产需要备份表的数据库目录

--备份test.t_innodb,

$ echo "test.t_innodb" > /tmp/tables.txt

$ innobackupex --user=bkpuser --password=s3cret --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --tables-file=/tmp/tables.txt /backup

## Using the --databases option

This option is specific to innobackupex and accepts either a space-separated list of the databases and 

tables to backup - in the databasename[.tablename] form - or a file containing the list at one element per line

Currently, only .frm and non-InnoDB tables are limited by that option

当前版本，只对non-innodb 有限制作用

$ innobackupex --user=bkpuser --password=s3cret --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --databases="test.innodb" /backup

## 测试表 t_innodb ，并插入10000条记录

(root@localhost) [test]>desc t_innodb;

+------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| Field      | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |

+------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| id         | bigint(20)   | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment | 

| name       | varchar(50)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                | 

| password   | varchar(150) | YES  |     | NULL    |                | 

| userstatus | int(2)       | YES  |     | NULL    |                | 

+------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]>call addTest(10000,0);

Query OK, 1 row affected (4.12 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]>select count(*) from t_innodb;

+----------+

| count(*) |

+----------+

|    10000 | 

+----------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

## 执行一次表t_innodb的备份，作为全备

$ echo "test.t_innodb" > /tmp/tables.txt

$ innobackupex --user=bkpuser --password=s3cret --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --tables-file=/tmp/tables.txt /backup/full_innodb --no-timestamp

## 全备后，再次插入10000条记录

(root@localhost) [test]>call addTest(10000,0);

Query OK, 1 row affected (4.12 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]>select count(*) from t_innodb;

+----------+

| count(*) |

+----------+

|    20000 | 

+----------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

## 执行一次增量备份

$ innobackupex --user=bkpuser --password=s3cret --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --incremental --incremental-basedir=/backup/full_innodb --tables-file=/tmp/tables.txt /backup/inc_innodb --no-timestamp

## 删除原库中的标

(root@localhost) [test]>drop table t_innodb;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

## 针对全备做一次apply-log，需要使用redo-only 选项

innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only --export /backup/full_innodb

## 增量备份，做一次apply-log,作为最后一个增量，不要使用redo-only

innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --apply-log --incremental-dir=/backup/full_innodb /backup/full_innodb

## 再次执行apply-log, 是用export 生成exp、cfg 文件

innobackupex --apply-log --export /backup/full_innodb

## 在数据库中新建表t_innodb

(root@localhost) [test]>drop table t_innodb;

## 可以是用mysqlfrm 从t_innodb 中获取建表语句

#  显示frm的建表语句

mysqlfrm --server=root:mysql@localhost:3306 /backup/full_innodb/test/t_innodb.frm --port=3333

(root@localhost) [test]>CREATE TABLE `t_innodb` (

    ->   `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

    ->   `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,

    ->   `password` varchar(150) DEFAULT NULL,

    ->   `userstatus` int(2) DEFAULT NULL,

    ->   PRIMARY KEY (`id`)

    -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=20001 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

## 删除当前的.ibd文件

(root@localhost) [test]>ALTER TABLE test.t_innodb DISCARD TABLESPACE;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

## 把cfg、ibd、exp文件放到test数据库目录中

[mysql@rhel5 test]$ cp t_innodb.cfg /usr/local/mysql/data/test/

[mysql@rhel5 test]$ cp t_innodb.ibd /usr/local/mysql/data/test/

[mysql@rhel5 test]$ cp t_innodb.exp /usr/local/mysql/data/test/

## 把备份的.ibd文件还原到表中

(root@localhost) [test]>ALTER TABLE test.t_innodb  IMPORT TABLESPACE;

## 查询恢复的数据

(root@localhost) [test]>select count(*) from t_innodb;                                    

+----------+

| count(*) |

+----------+

|    20000 | 

+----------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)