zz 详解linux下安装opencv2.4.1(eclipse)

【原文：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_60f0414701016lse.html】

The Installation Procedure

To install and configure OpenCV 2.4.1, complete the following steps. The commands shown in each step can be copy and pasted directly into a Linux command line.

 

Remove any installed versions of ffmpeg and x264.

sudo apt-get remove ffmpeg x264 libx264-dev

 

Get all the dependencies for x264 and ffmpeg.

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install build-essential checkinstall git cmake libfaac-dev libjack-jackd2-dev libmp3lame-dev libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libsdl1.2-dev libtheora-dev libva-dev libvdpau-dev libvorbis-dev libx11-dev libxfixes-dev libxvidcore-dev texi2html
yasm zlib1g-dev

 

Download and install gstreamer.

sudo apt-get install libgstreamer0.10-0 libgstreamer0.10-dev gstreamer0.10-tools gstreamer0.10-plugins-base libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev gstreamer0.10-plugins-good
gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg

 

Download and install gtk.

sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-dev

 

Download and install libjpeg.

sudo apt-get install libjpeg8 libjpeg8-dev

 

Create a directory to hold source code.

cd ~

mkdir src

 

Download and install install x264.

Download a recent stable snapshot of x264 from ftp://ftp.videolan.org/pub/videolan/x264/snapshots/. The exact version does
not seem to matter. To write this guide, I used version x264-snapshot-20120528-2245-stable.tar.bz2, but I have used previous versions too.

cd ~/src

wget ftp://ftp.videolan.org/pub/videolan/x264/snapshots/x264-snapshot-20120528-2245-stable.tar.bz2[/code] 
tar xvf x264-snapshot-20120528-2245-stable.tar.bz2

cd x264-snapshot-20120528-2245-stable


Configure and build the x264 libraries.

./configure --enable-static

make

sudo make install


IMPORTANT: If you are running a 64-bit version of Ubuntu, you must configure x264 as shown in the following command:

./configure --enable-shared --enable-pic


The -shared and -pic options might also be required when you compile for some other architectures, such as ARM. You know you need these options if you get the following error when compiling OpenCV:

[ 25%] Building CXX object modules/highgui/CMakeFiles/opencv_highgui.dir/src/bitstrm.cpp.o

Linking CXX shared library ../../lib/libopencv_highgui.so

/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libavcodec.a(avpacket.o): relocation R_X86_64_32S against `av_destruct_packet' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC

/usr/local/lib/libavcodec.a: could not read symbols: Bad value


 

 

Download and install install ffmpeg.

Download ffmpeg version 0.11.x from http://ffmpeg.org/download.html.

cd ~/src

wget http://ffmpeg.org/releases/ffmpeg-0.11.tar.bz2 
tar xvf ffmpeg-0.11.tar.bz2

cd ffmpeg-0.11


Configure and build ffmpeg.

./configure --enable-gpl --enable-libfaac --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libx264
--enable-libxvid --enable-nonfree --enable-postproc --enable-version3 --enable-x11grab


make

sudo make install


IMPORTANT: Just like with x264 in the previous step, you must configure ffmpeg with the -shared option if you are running a 64-bit version of Ubuntu or some other architectures, such as ARM. The -pic option is not necessary for ffmpeg.

./configure --enable-gpl --enable-libfaac --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libx264
--enable-libxvid --enable-nonfree --enable-postproc --enable-version3 --enable-x11grab --enable-shared


 

Download and install install a recent version of v4l (video for linux) from http://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/v4l-utils/. For this
guide I used version 0.8.8.

cd ~/src


wget http://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/v4l-utils/v4l-utils-0.8.8.tar.bz2[/code] 
tar xvf v4l-utils-0.8.8.tar.bz2

cd v4l-utils-0.8.8

make

sudo make install


 

Download and install install OpenCV 2.4.1.

Download OpenCV version 2.4.1 from http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/files/

cd ~/src


wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/opencvlibrary/opencv-unix/2.4.1/OpenCV-2.4.1.tar.bz2[/code] 
tar xvf OpenCV-2.4.1.tar.bz2


Create a new build directory and run cmake:

cd OpenCV-2.4.1/

mkdir build

cd build

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE ..


Verify that the output of cmake includes the following text:

found gstreamer-base-0.10

GTK+ 2.x: YES

FFMPEG: YES

GStreamer: YES

V4L/V4L2: Using libv4l

Build and install OpenCV.

make

sudo make install


 

Configure Linux.

Tell linux where the shared libraries for OpenCV are located by entering the following shell command:

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib


Add the command to your .bashrc file so that you don’t have to enter every time your start a new terminal.

Alternatively, you can configure the system wide library search path. Using your favorite editor, add a single line containing the text 
/usr/local/lib
 to
the end of a file named
/etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf
. In the standard Ubuntu install, the opencv.conf file does not exist; you need to create
it. Using vi, for example, enter the following commands:

sudo vi /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf

G

o

/usr/local/lib

<Esc>

:wq!


After editing the opencv.conf file, enter the following command:

sudo ldconfig /etc/ld.so.conf


.

Using your favorite editor, add the following two lines to the end of /etc/bash.bashrc:

PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH


 

After completing the previous steps, your system should be ready to compile code that uses the OpenCV libraries. The following example shows one way to compile code for OpenCV:

g++ `pkg-config opencv --cflags` my_code.cpp  -o my_code `pkg-config opencv --libs` 


  建议不要全部照做，容易因为缺软件出错，最好在root下先装好以下软件（来自旧版opencv官网http://opencv.willowgarage.com/wiki/InstallGuide : Debian）

 

 

apt-get install build-essential

apt-get install cmake

apt-get install pkg-config

apt-get install libpng12-0 libpng12-dev libpng++-dev libpng3

apt-get install libpnglite-dev libpngwriter0-dev libpngwriter0c2

apt-get install zlib1g-dbg zlib1g zlib1g-dev

apt-get install libjasper-dev libjasper-runtime libjasper1

apt-get install pngtools libtiff4-dev libtiff4 libtiffxx0c2 libtiff-tools

apt-get install libjpeg8 libjpeg8-dev libjpeg8-dbg libjpeg-prog

apt-get install ffmpeg libavcodec-dev libavcodec52 libavformat52 libavformat-dev

apt-get install libgstreamer0.10-0-dbg libgstreamer0.10-0  libgstreamer0.10-dev

apt-get install libxine1-ffmpeg  libxine-dev libxine1-bin

apt-get install libunicap2 libunicap2-dev

apt-get install libdc1394-22-dev libdc1394-22 libdc1394-utils

apt-get install swig

apt-get install libv4l-0 libv4l-dev

apt-get install python-numpy

以下可选

 

If you also want to use OpenCV from Python, add this:

    apt-get install libpython2.6 python-dev python2.6-dev  # Only if you want to use python

If your system has trouble with building "libjpeg.so", you may need to build it manually, or try this:

    apt-get install libjpeg-progs libjpeg-dev

On Ubuntu 10.10 this apt-get was needed to recognize gstream-app and gstreamer-vid development headers

    apt-get install libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev

反正我是都装上了，就不容易有错。

另外，用cmake时因为预设的有cuda，可能不需要，如果不熟悉如何更改cmake文件的话就可以安装cmake-gui，之后图形界面操作。

可能的错误：

1. fatal:
Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git

解决方法

 
git init 

git add . 

git commit -m 'Initial commit'


2. Traceback (most recent call last):File "<string>", line 1, in <module>ImportError: No module named numpy.distutils

或者ImportError: No module named numpy.distutils

原因：没装python-numpy

3. 最无语的ld: cannot find -lcv（以及 -lhighgui, -lcxcore等等）

 原因：找不到库函数libcv, libhighgui,libcoxe

我的环境是eclipse，是因为新版opencv的一些新函数所以进行了升级

但是筒子们注意了，现在（2.4.1）函数库的名字都改成libopencv_xx了，所以应该写成opencv_highgui等。

在网上找了链接错误啊之类的原因，折腾了一天，才发现原来已经配置好了，所以下次不要过于依赖软件，先用命令行检查：

g++ `pkg-config opencv --cflags` my_code.cpp  -o my_code `pkg-config opencv --libs`

当然自己先写好my_code.cpp，如果生成了可执行文件，说明opencv配置已经成功了。