Java Web开发Basic(二) mysql安装使用

Java Web开发Basic(二) mysql安装使用

安装

官方安装方法：

shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql mysql
shell> cd /usr/local
shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> chown -R mysql .
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data
# 启动
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

我实际的安装方法(没有使用用户组)：

>sudo su
>tar xvf mysql-5.6.17-osx10.7-x86_64.tar 
>ln -s mysql-5.6.17-osx10.7-x86_64/ mysql
>scripts/mysql_install_db  --user=mysql # 如果使用--user这个，后面启动报错，找不到mysql.user表
>bin/mysqld_safe &

配置

mysqlintalldb会在安装路径底下创建一个默认的my.cnf.

根据需求修改配置文件：

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /Users/army/JavaDev/mysqldata
port = 3306
# server_id = .....
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB

为了方便起见，增加mysql的path：

export mysql=/usr/local/mysql

export PATH=$CATALINA_HOME/bin:$M2:$J***A_HOME/bin:$mysql/bin:$PATH

或者在bash配置文件中加入mysqlstart、mysql和mysqladmin的别名,就可使用简便的命令替代冗长的命令了。 （注意：修改完毕之后需要退出“终端（Terminal）”之后重新进入，这些命令才会生效）：

alias mysqlstart='sudo /Library/StartupItems/MySQLCOM/MySQLCOM restart'
alias mysql='/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql'
alias mysqladmin='/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin'

这样就可以在终端中比较简单地通过命令进行相应的操作。

启动和停止 #

使用MySQL原生的启动命令：

shell> sudo mysqld_safe 
(Enter your password, if necessary)

使用MySQL原生的停止命令：

shell> mysqladmin shutdown -uroot -p  （必须指定用户）
(Enter your password, if necessary)

修改密码

mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'

然后会提示输入秘密，初始密码为空，直接回车即可。

再次修改密码：

mysqladmin -u root -p xxxx password 'renew-password'

登录

登录本地mysql:

$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:xxx

连接远程mysql:

$mysql -h 192.168.0.2 -u root -p 
 ****

增加新用户

grant select,insert,update,delete on *.* to test@localhost identified by '1234'

或者

create user test@localhost identified by '1234'
grant select,insert,update,delete,create,drop on 数据库.* to test@localhost with grant option

查看用户权限：

mysql> select user,select_priv,insert_priv,update_priv,create_priv,drop_priv,reload_priv from user;

+------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+
| user | select_priv | insert_priv | update_priv | create_priv | drop_priv | reload_priv |
+------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+
| root | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y         | Y           |
| root | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y         | Y           |
| root | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y         | Y           |
| root | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y         | Y           |
|      | N           | N           | N           | N           | N         | N           |
|      | N           | N           | N           | N           | N         | N           |
| test | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y           | Y         | N           |
+------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看数据库

show databases;
use mysql;
show tables;
desc tablename;

drop database if exists xxxx;
create database xxxx;

建表

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `workers`;
CREATE TABLE `workers` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
  `sex` enum(F,M,S),
  `salary` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
  `email`  varchar(30),
  `EmployedDates`  date,
  `department`  varchar(30),
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

mysql> alter table workers ADD sex  enum('F','M','S');
mysql> desc workers;

修改表结构

mysql> ALTER TABLE workers_info ADD num int;
  ALTER TABLE workers MODIFY EmployedDates date after num;

  ALTER TABLE workers ADD tel varchar(15) after salary;

  INSERT INTO workers (name,salary,tel,mailbox,department,qq,EmployedDates) 
  values('xing',10000,'1598232123','xing@qq.com','yanfa',736019646,20121221);