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python利用pymssql连接SQL

2014-05-07 11:37 411 查看
首先需要安装pymssql模块(http://linuxshow.blog.51cto.com/1572053/1407255)

配置下freetds
#cat /usr/local/freetds/etc/freetds.conf
# $Id: freetds.conf,v 1.12 2007/12/25 06:02:36 jklowden Exp $
#
# This file is installed by FreeTDS if no file by the same
# name is found in the installation directory.
#
# For information about the layout of this file and its settings,
# see the freetds.conf manpage "man freetds.conf".

# Global settings are overridden by those in a database
# server specific section
[global]
# TDS protocol version
;tds version = 4.2

# Whether to write a TDSDUMP file for diagnostic purposes
# (setting this to /tmp is insecure on a multi-user system)
;dump file = /tmp/freetds.log
;debug flags = 0xffff
# Command and connection timeouts
;timeout = 10

;connect timeout = 10

# If you get out-of-memory errors, it may mean that your client
# is trying to allocate a huge buffer for a TEXT field.
# Try setting 'text size' to a more reasonable limit
text size = 64512

# A typical Sybase server#newadd
[test_db]
host = 127.0.0.1
port = 1433
tds version = 8.0
client charset = GBK
连接SQL服务器的代码

import sys
import pymssql
class Mssql:
def __init__(self, config):
self.cf = config
def __Connect(self):
try:
self.conn = pymssql.connect(host=self.cf['host'],user=self.cf['user'],password=self.cf['pwd'],database=self.cf['db'])
cur = self.conn.cursor()
except Exception, err:
print "Error decoding config file: %s" % str(err)
sys.exit(1)
return cur

def select(self, sql):
try:
cur = self.__Connect()
cur.execute(sql)
rows = cur.fetchall()
cur.close()
self.conn.close()
return rows
except Exception, err:
print "Error decoding config file: %s" % str(err)
sys.exit(1)
def insert(self, sql):
try:
cur = self.__Connect()
cur.execute(sql)
cur.close()
self.conn.commit()
self.conn.close()
except Exception, err:
print "Error decoding config file: %s" % str(err)
sys.exit(1)
def main():
config = {'host':'test_db','user':'test','pwd':'123456','db':'Testdb'}
mssql = Mssql(config)

#select sql
sql = "select * from test_table"
rows = mssql.select(sql)
#insert sql
sql = "insert into test_table values('1','2','3')"
mssql.insert(sql)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()


注:host里test_db是调用freetds配置里的,可以直接写ip

下面是pymssql里参数使用说明,如下:
1. pymssqlCnx类(用于连接Mssql数据库)
pymssql.connect()来初始化连接类,它允许如下的参数。
dsn:连接字符串,主要用于与之前版本的pymssql兼容

user:用户名

password:密码

trusted:布尔值,指定是否使用windows身份认证登陆

host :主机名

database:数据库

timeout:查询超时

login_timeout:登陆超时

charset:数据库的字符集

as_dict:布尔值,指定返回值是字典还是元组

max_conn:最大连接数
2. Method
autocommit(status)
布尔值,指示是否自动提交事务,默认的状态是关闭的,如果打开,你必须调用commit()方法来提交事务。

close()
关闭连接

cursor()
返回游标对象,用于查询和返回数据
commit()
提交事务。

rollback()
回滚事务

pymssqlCursor类
用于从数据库查询和返回数据

rowcount
返回最后操作影响的行数。

connection
返回创建游标的连接对象

lastrowid
返回插入的最后一行

rownumber
返回当前数据集中的游标(通过索引)
3. 游标方法
close()
关闭游标

execute(operation)
执行操作

execute(operation, params)
执行操作,可以提供参数进行相应操作

executemany(operation, params_seq)
执行操作,Params_seq为元组
fetchone()
在结果中读取下一行

fetchmany(size=None)
在结果中读取指定数目的行

fetchall()
读取所有行

nextset()
游标跳转到下一个数据集
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