【嵌入式Linux学习七步曲之第二篇 交叉开发环境】FC6 上架设TFTP服务器，Transfer timed out

 FC6 上架设TFTP服务器

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http://blog.csdn.net/sailor_8318/archive/2009/11/14/4811277.aspx

 

1、检查是否安装了TFTP server及client，否则安装

[root@sailing ~]# rpm -qa |grep tftp

tftp-server-0.42-3.1

tftp-0.42-3.1

2、设置TFTP服务开机自启动

[root@sailing ~]# cat /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

# default: off

# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer /

#       protocol.  The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless /

#       workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, /

#       and to start the installation process for some operating systems.

service tftp

{

        socket_type             = dgram

        protocol                = udp

        wait                    = yes

        user                    = root

        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd

        server_args             = -s /tftpboot

        disable                 = no

        per_source              = 11

        cps                     = 100 2

        flags                   = IPv4

}

[root@sailing ~]#                               

Tftp服务默认是关闭的，将disable选项设置为=yes，开机自启动

3、重启TFTP服务

[root@sailing nfs]# /etc/init.d/xinetd

用法：/etc/init.d/xinetd {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|reload}

[root@sailing nfs]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart

停止 xinetd：                                              [确定]

启动 xinetd：                                              [确定]

[root@sailing nfs]# service network restart

正在关闭接口 eth0：                                        [确定]

关闭环回接口：                                             [确定]

弹出环回接口：                                             [确定]

弹出界面 eth0：

正在决定 eth0 的 IP 信息...完成。

                                                           [确定]

[root@sailing nfs]# ifconfig

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:CD:A1:5C

          inet addr:192.168.1.101  Bcast:255.255.255.255  Mask:255.255.255.0

          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fecd:a15c/64 Scope:Link

          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

          RX packets:34562 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:260 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

          RX bytes:3111447 (2.9 MiB)  TX bytes:36926 (36.0 KiB)

          Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2000

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback

          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0

          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1

          RX packets:5911 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:5911 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

          RX bytes:7307856 (6.9 MiB)  TX bytes:7307856 (6.9 MiB)

4、建立tftpboot目录，设置权限

[root@sailing nfs]# chmod -R 777 tftpboot

[root@sailing nfs]# ls -l

total 144

。。。。

drwxrwxrwx   2 root root  4096 2009-08-17 15:22 tftpboot

5、主机平台上自测试

[root@sailing nfs]# ls /tftpboot/

test

[root@sailing nfs]# tftp 192.168.1.101

tftp> get test

Transfer timed out.

传输超时

6、修改防火墙设置，允许TFTP连接

TFTP是一种不安全的服务，通常情况下Linux系统是禁止TFTP连接的

查看防火墙当前设置，可知在INPUT和OUTPUT中都没有TFTP ACCEPT的相关规则，则表示禁止TFTP

[root@sailing ~]# iptables -L

Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)

target     prot opt source               destination

RH-Firewall-1-INPUT  all  --  anywhere             anywhere

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)

target     prot opt source               destination

RH-Firewall-1-INPUT  all  --  anywhere             anywhere

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)

target     prot opt source               destination

Chain RH-Firewall-1-INPUT (2 references)

target     prot opt source               destination

ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere

ACCEPT     icmp --  anywhere             anywhere            icmp any

ACCEPT     esp  --  anywhere             anywhere

ACCEPT     ah   --  anywhere             anywhere

ACCEPT     udp  --  anywhere             224.0.0.251         udp dpt:mdns

ACCEPT     udp  --  anywhere             anywhere            udp dpt:ipp

ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            tcp dpt:ipp

ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere            state RELATED,ESTABLISHED

ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            state NEW tcp dpt:ftp

ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            state NEW tcp dpt:nfs

ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            state NEW tcp dpt:ssh

ACCEPT     udp  --  anywhere             anywhere            state NEW udp dpt:netbios-ns

ACCEPT     udp  --  anywhere             anywhere            state NEW udp dpt:netbios-dgm

ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            state NEW tcp dpt:netbios-ssn

ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            state NEW tcp dpt:microsoft-ds

ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            state NEW tcp dpt:telnet

REJECT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere            reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

添加TFTP服务，端口号69，为UDP协议

[root@sailing ~]# iptables -A OUTPUT -p UDP --dport 69 -j ACCEPT

[root@sailing ~]# iptables -A INPUT -p UDP --dport 69 -j ACCEPT

[root@sailing ~]# iptables -L

Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)

target     prot opt source               destination

RH-Firewall-1-INPUT  all  --  anywhere             anywhere

ACCEPT     udp  --  anywhere             anywhere            udp dpt:tftp

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)

target     prot opt source               destination

RH-Firewall-1-INPUT  all  --  anywhere             anywhere

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)

target     prot opt source               destination

ACCEPT     udp  --  anywhere             anywhere            udp dpt:tftp

Chain RH-Firewall-1-INPUT (2 references)

target     prot opt source               destination

ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere

ACCEPT     icmp --  anywhere             anywhere            icmp any

ACCEPT     esp  --  anywhere             anywhere

ACCEPT     ah   --  anywhere             anywhere

ACCEPT     udp  --  anywhere             224.0.0.251         udp dpt:mdns

ACCEPT     udp  --  anywhere             anywhere            udp dpt:ipp

ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            tcp dpt:ipp

ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere            state RELATED,ESTABLISHED

ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            state NEW tcp dpt:ftp

ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            state NEW tcp dpt:nfs

ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            state NEW tcp dpt:ssh

ACCEPT     udp  --  anywhere             anywhere            state NEW udp dpt:netbios-ns

ACCEPT     udp  --  anywhere             anywhere            state NEW udp dpt:netbios-dgm

ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            state NEW tcp dpt:netbios-ssn

ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            state NEW tcp dpt:microsoft-ds

ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere            state NEW tcp dpt:telnet

REJECT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere            reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

[root@sailing ~]#                                                                                   

当然也可以用其他方式修改防火墙设置，图形界面也可以

若是远程ssh连接的，也可以用文本模式的命令设置

[root@sailing ~]# setup

Firewall configuration--> Customize--other port 处：tftp:udp，保存就可以了。

7、再次测试，OK

[root@sailing ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  Desktop  install.log  install.log.syslog  test

[root@sailing ~]# rm -f test

[root@sailing ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  Desktop  install.log  install.log.syslog

 [root@sailing ~]# tftp 192.168.1.101

tftp> get test

tftp> q

[root@sailing ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  Desktop  install.log  install.log.syslog  test