LINUX硬件配置与管理——用Fdisk工具对磁盘进行分区操作

fdisk是LINUX分区的常用工具。在网上找了一些资料 ，但是貌似都是出于一人之手。我还是来个原创吧。

首先，用fdisk查看系统的分区结构：

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 14 1160 9213277+ 83 Linux

/dev/sda3 1161 1305 1164712+ 82 Linux swap

从中可以看到，此硬盘有3个分区，1305个柱面。下面，我们用fdisk对分区进行操作

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305.

There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problems with:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs

(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): m

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit bsd disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag

d delete a partition

l list known partition types

m print this menu

n add a new partition

o create a new empty DOS partition table

p print the partition table

q quit without saving changes

s create a new empty Sun disklabel

t change a partition's system id

u change display/entry units

v verify the partition table

w write table to disk and exit

x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help):

输入m后可以查看帮助信息。

当对分区进行操作完以后，要用w，对刚才的设置进行保存。然后用partprobe命令，使内核读取新生成的分区表。这样，我们的分区操作就完成了。

新建分区的操作如下图：



分区ID与类型对应表如下：

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-4): 3

Hex code (type L to list codes): l
0 Empty 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot

1 FAT12 24 NEC DOS 80 Old Minix bf Solaris

2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 81 Minix / old Lin c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-

3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 82 Linux swap c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-

4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 83 Linux c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-

5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 84 OS/2 hidden C: c7 Syrinx

6 FAT16 42 SFS 85 Linux extended da Non-FS data

7 HPFS/NTFS 4d QNX4.x 86 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .

8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 87 NTFS volume set de Dell Utility

9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt

a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access

b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O

c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor

e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs

f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee EFI GPT

10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/

11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b

12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor

14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor

16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary

17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fd Linux raid auto

18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fe LANstep

1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid ff BBT

1c Hidden W95 FAT3

Hex code (type L to list codes):

用fdisk还可以改变swap虚拟内存的大小。这里不详细阐述。用dd命令一样可以增加虚拟内存。具体方法如下：