【Git入门之四】操作项目

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1.查看操作日记

《git log》用于查看操作日记详情。因为Git是分布式的，采用SHA1这样的版本号可有效的防止版本冲突。

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#查看操作日记，底下那串长长的数据就是SHA1 ID，表示当前版本号

$ git log

commit aea0365712908805bc28540b4db9fd2f15360a8b

Author: Jacky <fusijie@vip.qq.com>

Date: Fri Sep 27 15:15:48 2013 +0800

init AddFiles

2.修改项目内容

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#修改JackyData01内容

$ echo "HelloGit" > JackyData01

3.查看当前状态

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#查看版本库状态，可以看到红色的JackyData01被修改过

$ git status

# On branch master

# Changes not staged for commit:

# (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)

# (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

#

# modified: Jackydata01

#

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

4.提交修改

这里使用《git commit -a -m “提交信息”》可以省掉先放到暂存区的操作，直接提交。

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#直接提交修改

$ git commit -a -m "modify JackyData01"

[master cba8800] modify JackyData01

1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

5.查看操作日记

还用《git log》，不过这次我们给它添加一个参数，这样浏览起来会方便很多。

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#单行显示，只显示版本号和备注

$ git log --pretty=oneline

cba8800f2daaf4075a506b6d763798ea15ba11cc modify JackyData01

aea0365712908805bc28540b4db9fd2f15360a8b init AddFiles

6.查看不同

《git diff》用于比较上一次提交和当前版本的差异。

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#修改JackyData02的内容为HelloGit

$ echo "HelloGit" > JackyData02

#使用Git diff查看差异，可以看到HelloJacky被删除了，而HelloGit被添加了

$ git diff

diff --git a/JackyData02 b/JackyData02

index 85d5336..1da19b8 100644

--- a/JackyData02

+++ b/JackyData02

@@ -1 +1 @@

-HellloJacky

+HelloGit

7.提交修改并打开Git
GUI界面

《gitk --all》用于打开Git的GUI界面。

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#提交修改

$ git add . && git commit -m "modify JackyData02"

[master a5f6601] modify JackyData02

1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

#打开GUI界面

$ gitk --all

8.修改提交信息

使用《git commit --amend》可以修改上次提交的信息。

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#重新修改上次提交信息

$ git commit --amend -m "amend modify JackyData02"

[master a25c588] amend modify JackyData02

1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

#最后一次的提交信息被修改

$ git log --pretty=oneline

a25c58804cb3f4045564fc0ec6a4e6eb4dae7072 amend modify JackyData02

cba8800f2daaf4075a506b6d763798ea15ba11cc modify JackyData01

aea0365712908805bc28540b4db9fd2f15360a8b init AddFiles

9.删除项目内容

删除了某一项版本控制下的内容，使用《git add .》无法在索引中删除该文件。

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#移除JackyData03文件

$ rm JackyData03

#使用git add . 提示警告，同时调用git status，发现并没有正常提交

$ git add . && git commit -m "remove JackyData03"

warning: You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',

whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you removed.

Paths like 'JackyData03' that are

removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.

* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,

ignores paths you removed from your working tree.

* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.

Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.

# On branch master

# Changes not staged for commit:

# (use "git add/rm <file>..." to update what will be committed)

# (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

#

# deleted: JackyData03

#

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

需使用《git commit -a -m “提交信息”》或者《git add -A . git commit -m “提交信息”》才能达到删除的目的。

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#使用git commit -a -m提交删除

$ git commit -a -m "remove JackyData03"

[master c5c83cf] remove JackyData03

1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

delete mode 100644 JackyData03