ESXI扩展linux虚拟机根目录空间
2013-12-02 20:39
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1. 在ESXI服务器上增加虚拟机磁盘空间。
2. 进入虚拟机查看硬盘空间（/dev/sda已变为171GB）
[root@CIT ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_root
43G 39G 1.8G 96% /
tmpfs 12G 176K 12G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 37M 423M 9% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_home
4.2G 137M 3.9G 4% /home
[root@CIT ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 171.8 GB, 171798691840 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 20886 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0001e603
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 7833 62401536 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_root: 46.7 GB, 46665826304 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5673 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_swap: 12.7 GB, 12675186688 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1541 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_home: 4555 MB, 4555014144 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 553 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
3. 增加磁盘分区
[root@CIT ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (7833-20886, default 7833):
Using default value 7833
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (7833-20886, default 20886):
Using default value 20886
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 171.8 GB, 171798691840 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 20886 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0001e603
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 7833 62401536 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 7833 20886 104852235 83 Linux
Command (m for help): t （修改分区ID为Linux LVM，否则无法格式化）
Partition number (1-4): 3
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 3 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@CIT ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 171.8 GB, 171798691840 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 20886 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0001e603
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 7833 62401536 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 7833 20886 104852235 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_root: 46.7 GB, 46665826304 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5673 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_swap: 12.7 GB, 12675186688 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1541 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_home: 4555 MB, 4555014144 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 553 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
4. 重启服务器，然后格式化分区
[root@CIT ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda3 （注意/etc/fstab里的分区格式）
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
6553600 inodes, 26213058 blocks
1310652 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
800 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:
done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 21 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
5. 使用vgextend命令加到lvm组里面去
[root@CIT ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Copy% Convert
lv_home vg_cit -wi-ao-- 4.24g
4000
lv_root vg_cit -wi-ao-- 43.46g
lv_swap vg_cit -wi-ao-- 11.80g
[root@CIT ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sda3"
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created
[root@CIT ~]# vgextend vg_cit /dev/sda3
Volume group "vg_cit" successfully extended
[root@CIT ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_cit
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 5
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 159.50 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 40832
Alloc PE / Size 15234 / 59.51 GiB
Free PE / Size 25598 / 99.99 GiB
VG UUID xeQlGW-NlDY-y44E-YKeg-dvmk-xyG3-PgpGF8
[root@CIT ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_root
43G 39G 1.8G 96% /
tmpfs 12G 88K 12G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 37M 423M 9% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_home
4.2G 137M 3.9G 4% /home
[root@CIT ~]# lvextend -L +99.99G /dev/vg_cit/lv_root /dev/sda3
Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 99.99 GiB
Extending logical volume lv_root to 143.45 GiB
Logical volume lv_root successfully resized
6. 检查文件系统
[root@CIT ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg_cit/lv_root
e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
/dev/vg_cit/lv_root is mounted.
WARNING!!! The filesystem is mounted. If you continue you ***WILL***
cause ***SEVERE*** filesystem damage.
Do you really want to continue (y/n)? yes
/dev/vg_cit/lv_root: recovering journal
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/vg_cit/lv_root: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****
/dev/vg_cit/lv_root: ***** REBOOT LINUX *****
/dev/vg_cit/lv_root: 483114/2850816 files (0.2% non-contiguous), 10363101/11393024 blocks
7. 调整分割区大小
[root@CIT ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg_cit/lv_root
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/vg_cit/lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 9
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg_cit/lv_root to 37605376 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg_cit/lv_root is now 37605376 blocks long.
[root@CIT ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_root
142G 39G 96G 29% /
tmpfs 12G 88K 12G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_home
4.2G 137M 3.9G 4% /home
完成！
2. 进入虚拟机查看硬盘空间（/dev/sda已变为171GB）
[root@CIT ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_root
43G 39G 1.8G 96% /
tmpfs 12G 176K 12G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 37M 423M 9% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_home
4.2G 137M 3.9G 4% /home
[root@CIT ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 171.8 GB, 171798691840 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 20886 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0001e603
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 7833 62401536 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_root: 46.7 GB, 46665826304 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5673 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_swap: 12.7 GB, 12675186688 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1541 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_home: 4555 MB, 4555014144 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 553 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
3. 增加磁盘分区
[root@CIT ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (7833-20886, default 7833):
Using default value 7833
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (7833-20886, default 20886):
Using default value 20886
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 171.8 GB, 171798691840 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 20886 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0001e603
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 7833 62401536 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 7833 20886 104852235 83 Linux
Command (m for help): t （修改分区ID为Linux LVM，否则无法格式化）
Partition number (1-4): 3
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 3 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@CIT ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 171.8 GB, 171798691840 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 20886 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0001e603
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 7833 62401536 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 7833 20886 104852235 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_root: 46.7 GB, 46665826304 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5673 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_swap: 12.7 GB, 12675186688 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1541 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_home: 4555 MB, 4555014144 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 553 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
4. 重启服务器，然后格式化分区
[root@CIT ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda3 （注意/etc/fstab里的分区格式）
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
6553600 inodes, 26213058 blocks
1310652 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
800 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:
done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 21 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
5. 使用vgextend命令加到lvm组里面去
[root@CIT ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Copy% Convert
lv_home vg_cit -wi-ao-- 4.24g
4000
lv_root vg_cit -wi-ao-- 43.46g
lv_swap vg_cit -wi-ao-- 11.80g
[root@CIT ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sda3"
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created
[root@CIT ~]# vgextend vg_cit /dev/sda3
Volume group "vg_cit" successfully extended
[root@CIT ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_cit
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 5
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 159.50 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 40832
Alloc PE / Size 15234 / 59.51 GiB
Free PE / Size 25598 / 99.99 GiB
VG UUID xeQlGW-NlDY-y44E-YKeg-dvmk-xyG3-PgpGF8
[root@CIT ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_root
43G 39G 1.8G 96% /
tmpfs 12G 88K 12G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 37M 423M 9% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_home
4.2G 137M 3.9G 4% /home
[root@CIT ~]# lvextend -L +99.99G /dev/vg_cit/lv_root /dev/sda3
Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 99.99 GiB
Extending logical volume lv_root to 143.45 GiB
Logical volume lv_root successfully resized
6. 检查文件系统
[root@CIT ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg_cit/lv_root
e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
/dev/vg_cit/lv_root is mounted.
WARNING!!! The filesystem is mounted. If you continue you ***WILL***
cause ***SEVERE*** filesystem damage.
Do you really want to continue (y/n)? yes
/dev/vg_cit/lv_root: recovering journal
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/vg_cit/lv_root: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****
/dev/vg_cit/lv_root: ***** REBOOT LINUX *****
/dev/vg_cit/lv_root: 483114/2850816 files (0.2% non-contiguous), 10363101/11393024 blocks
7. 调整分割区大小
[root@CIT ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg_cit/lv_root
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/vg_cit/lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 9
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg_cit/lv_root to 37605376 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg_cit/lv_root is now 37605376 blocks long.
[root@CIT ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_root
142G 39G 96G 29% /
tmpfs 12G 88K 12G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/vg_cit-lv_home
4.2G 137M 3.9G 4% /home
完成！
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