热备份路由协议HSRP和ARRP

HSRP协议：当网络中有多个路由器作为网关时，通过HSRP协议把两个网关地址虚拟成一个虚拟网关。如图，R1和R2都是PC1的出口网关，通过HSRP协议将网关R1和R2虚拟成一个网关192.168.1.1，在PC1上指定网关为192.168.1.1。正常情况下，PC1的数据流量只从R1上通过，当R1出故障时，R2替代上来，让流量从R2上通过，从而达到冗余备份，实现网络可靠性。

HSRP命令standby1、创建HSRPR1(config-if)#standby group-numberip virtual-ip-address2、配置HSRP优先级R1(config-if)#standby group-numberpriority priority-value3、HSRP占先权R1(config-if)#standby group-numberpreempt4、配置Hello间隔和保持时间R1(config-if)#standby group-numbertimes hellotimeholdtime5、HSRP端口跟踪配置R1(config-if)#standby group-numbertrack type mod/num interface-priority(注：这些配置都是在真实网关所在接口下配置的)查看：查看HSRP摘要信息R1#show standby [type mod/num][group-number] brief查看HSRP详细信息R1#show standby监听HSRP事件R1#debug standby events配置实例如下图，pc1和pc2分别属于vlan10和vlan20，使vlan10的流量从M1通过，当M1出故障时PC1流量切换至M2；默认vlan20的的流量M2通过，dangM2出故障时，流量切换至M1。

1、配置R1、M1和M2之间的链路相互连通，并在R1配置换回口Loopback1，做测试用。R1上的配置：int f0/0ip add 206.135.1.1 255.255.255.252no shint f0/1ip add 206.135.1.5 255.255.255.252no shint loop 1ip add 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0no shM1上的配置intf0/0ipadd206.135.1.2255.255.255.252noshiproute1.0.0.0255.0.0.0206.135.1.1iproute206.135.1.4255.255.255.252206.135.1.1M2上配置intf0/1ipadd206.135.1.6255.255.255.252noshiproute1.0.0.0255.0.0.0206.135.1.5iproute206.135.1.0255.255.255.252206.135.1.52、在SW1将f1/1、f1/2划分为vlan10和vlan20，并配置中继口SW1上配置no ip routingvlan 10vlan 20int f1/1sw acc vlan 10int f1/2sw acc vlan20int f1/0sw mo trunkint f1/15sw mo trunkM1上配置intf1/0swmotrunkM2上配置int f1/15sw mo trunk3、在M1和M2上配置vlan10和vlan20做为真实网关，并在PC1上配置ip测试网络连通性M1上配置vlan 10vlan 20int vlan 10ip add 192.168.10.10 255.255.255.0int vlan20ip add 192.168.20.20 255.255.255.0M2上配置vlan 10vlan 20int vlan 10ip add 192.168.10.20255.255.255.0int vlan 20ip add 192.168.20.10 255.255.255.04、配置HSRPM1上配置int vlan 10standby 1 ip 192.168.10.1standby 1 priority120standby 1 preemptstandby 1 track fa0/0standby 1 track fa1/0int vlan 20standby 2 ip 192.168.20.1standby2 priority115standby 2 preemptM2上配置int vlan 10standby 1 ip 192.168.10.1standby1 priority 115standby 1 preemptint vlan 20standby 2 ip 192.168.20.1standby 2 priority 120standby 2 preemptstandby 1 track fa0/1 standby 1 track fa1/155、在R1配置静态路由及浮动路由ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 206.135.1.2ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 206.135.1.610ip route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 206.135.1.6ip route 192.168.20.0 .255.255.255.0 206.135.1.210VRRP协议和HSRP工作原理相似1、创建VRRPR1(config-if)#vrrp group-numberi p virtual-ip-address2、配置HSRP优先级R1(config-if)#vrrp group-number priority priority-value3、HSRP占先权R1(config-if)#vrrp group-number preempt4、ARRP端口跟踪配置R1(config)#track track-number interface interface-typeinterface-number line-protocolR1(config-if)#vrrp track track-number注：每跟踪一个端口，都需要在全局模式下创建一个track-number

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