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在Linux-2.6.32.2下为ST16C554移植驱动的经历

2013-11-11 10:48 369 查看
文章转载于:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2010-10/29379.htm 

一、Linux
驱动的基本理论
   
理解linux驱动,最重要的是要区分device和driver这两个概念,要搞清device和driver之间的联系。
device 描述了某个设备所占用的硬件资源(地址、中断),可以理解为硬件方面描述。而driver则是描述了使用和操作该设备的方法、流程、逻辑,可以理解为软件方面的描述。这二者之间的对应联系是一个设备名。
我们来看一下两个结构体的定义:
struct platform_device {
       const char* name;
      int id;
      struct device dev;
      u32 num_resources;
      struct resource      * resource;
      struct platform_device_id * id_entry;
      struct pdev_archdata archdata;
};
在arch/arm/mach-s 3c2440/mach-mini2440.c中初始化
struct device {
      struct device         *parent;
      struct device_private    *p;
      struct kobject kobj;
     
const char             *init_name;
      struct device_type *type;
      struct semaphore  sem;      
      struct bus_type     *bus;            
      struct device_driver *driver;      
      void        *platform_data;   
      struct dev_pm_info      power;
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
      int           numa_node;  
#endif
      u64        *dma_mask; 
      u64        coherent_dma_mask;
      struct device_dma_parameters *dma_parms;
      struct list_head      dma_pools;  
      struct dma_coherent_mem  *dma_mem;
      struct dev_archdata     archdata;
      dev_t      devt;             
      spinlock_t             devres_lock;
      struct list_head      devres_head;
      struct klist_node   knode_class;
      struct class            *class;
      const struct attribute_group **groups;     
      void (*release)(struct device *dev);
};
       struct platform_driver {
              int (*probe)(struct platform_device *);
              int (*remove)(struct platform_device *);
              void (*shutdown)(struct platform_device *);
              int (*suspend)(struct platform_device *, pm_message_t state);
              int (*resume)(struct platform_device *);
              struct device_driver drive
4000
r;
              struct platform_device_id *id_table;
};
在drivers/serial/8250.c中初始化
struct device_driver {
       const char *name; 
       struct bus_type *bus;
       struct module *owner;
       const char *mod_name;     
       bool suppress_bind_attrs;  
       int (*probe) (struct device *dev);
       int (*remove) (struct device *dev);
       void (*shutdown) (struct device *dev);
       int (*suspend) (struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
       int (*resume) (struct device *dev);
       const struct attribute_group **groups;
       const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;
       struct driver_private *p;
};
 
二、ST16C554
   st16c554是一款集成了4路标准异步串行收发器的串口扩展芯片,也就是通常所说的16c550(也同8250)适应串口。可以将其看成是简单封装了4个16c550的芯片。它的操作方法和寄存器用法与8250完全相同,因此我们可以用linux内经典的8250驱动来驱动st16c554。
 
三、移植过程
    硬件平台:mini2440 系统:linux-2.6.32.2
    红色部分为添加的语句。
1.       修改arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-mini2440.c
添加头文件
#ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_MINI2440_ST16C554
#include <linux/serial_8250.h>
#endif
初始化st16c554的platform_device数据结构
 
#define PORT(_base,_irq)                          
\
  { //ARM体系结构中将IO和MEMORY统一编址,
     //因此这里使用的是Memory地址                 
                  .mapbase       =    
(unsigned long)_base,  \
           .irq                = _irq,                 
\
           .uartclk          = 1843200,         
\
           .iotype           = UPIO_MEM32,            
\
           .flags             = (UPF_BOOT_AUTOCONF
| UPF_IOREMAP),    \
           .regshift         = 0, \
  }
static struct plat_serial8250_port mini2440_st16c554_8250_data[] = {
         PORT(S3C2410_CS1 + 0x0, IRQ_EINT0),
         PORT(S3C2410_CS2 + 0x0, IRQ_EINT1),
         PORT(S3C2410_CS3 + 0x0, IRQ_EINT2),
         PORT(S3C2410_CS5 + 0x0, IRQ_EINT3),
         { },
};
static struct platform_device mini2440_device_st16c554 = {
     .name            = "serial8250",
     .id                 = PLAT8250_DEV_EXAR_ST16C554,
     .dev               = {
            .platform_data      = &mini2440_st16c554_8250_data,
     },
};
将st16c554对应的platform_device数据结构体添加到mini2440对应的platform_device数据结构体中。
 
static struct platform_device *mini2440_devices[] __initdata = {
 &s3c_device_usb,
 &s3c_device_rtc,
 &s3c_device_lcd,
 &s3c_device_wdt,
 &s3c_device_i2c0,
 &s3c_device_iis,
 &mini2440_device_eth,
//#ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_MINI2440_ST16C554
  &mini2440_device_st16c554,
//#endif
 &s3c24xx_uda134x,
 &s3c_device_nand,
 &s3c_device_sdi,
 &s3c_device_usbgadget,
};
2.修改
drivers/serial/8250.c
    添加头文件
#ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_MINI2440_ST16C554
#include <mach/regs-mem.h>
#endif
 
修改S3C2440 四个Bank使用的的
bus width为8位,以及设定这四个Bank的总线
timing。
static int __init serial8250_init(void)
{
       int ret;
       if (nr_uarts > UART_NR)
              nr_uarts = UART_NR;
       printk(KERN_INFO "Serial: 8250/16550 driver, "
              "%d ports, IRQ sharing %sabled\n", nr_uarts,
              share_irqs ? "en" : "dis");
#ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_MINI2440_ST16C554
      
       *((volatile unsigned int *)S3C2410_BWSCON) =
((*((volatile unsigned int *)S3C2410_BWSCON)) & ~(0x30333<<4))
                           
| S3C2410_BWSCON_DW1_8
                           
| S3C2410_BWSCON_DW2_8
                           
| S3C2410_BWSCON_DW3_8
                           
| S3C2410_BWSCON_DW5_8;
      
       //     *((volatile unsigned int *)S3C2410_BANKCON1) = 0x1f7c;
       //     *((volatile unsigned int *)S3C2410_BANKCON2) = 0x1f7c;   
       //     *((volatile unsigned int *)S3C2410_BANKCON3) = 0x1f7c;
       //     *((volatile unsigned int *)S3C2410_BANKCON5) = 0x1f7c;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SPARC
       ret = sunserial_register_minors(&serial8250_reg, UART_NR);
#else
       serial8250_reg.nr = UART_NR;
       ret = uart_register_driver(&serial8250_reg);
#endif
       if (ret)
              goto out;
#ifdef CONFIG_8250_MINI2440_ST16C554
serial8250_isa_devs =
platform_device_alloc("serial8250", PLAT8250_DEV_EXAR_ST16C554);
#else
       serial8250_isa_devs = platform_device_alloc("serial8250",
                                         
    PLAT8250_DEV_LEGACY);
#endif
修改中断信号的类型为下降沿触发
       if (i->head) {
              list_add(&up->list, i->head);
              spin_unlock_irq(&i->lock);
              ret = 0;
       } else {
              INIT_LIST_HEAD(&up->list);
              i->head = &up->list;
              spin_unlock_irq(&i->lock);
#ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_8250_MINI2440_ST16C554
              irq_flags |= IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING;
#else
              irq_flags |= up->port.irqflags;
#endif
              ret = request_irq(up->port.irq, serial8250_interrupt,
                              irq_flags, "serial", i);
              if (ret < 0)
                     serial_do_unlink(i, up);
       }
3.修改
drivers/serial/Kconfig
添加一个编译配置选项
config SERIAL_8250_MINI2440_ST16C554
       bool "Support MINI2440 Extend ST16C554/554D Quad UART"
       depends on SERIAL_8250
       help
     A chip of ST16C554 is uesed to extend Quad UART on the MINI2440 Board.  If you are tinkering with ST16C554, or have a machine with this
UART, say Y here.
To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the module will be called 8250_mini2440_st16c554.
 
4.重新编译内核
> make menucofig
Device Drivers 
à
       Character Devices 
à
                     Serial Drivers 
à
               <*> 8250/16c550 and compatible serial support
                           
[*] Support MINI2440 Extend ST16C554/554D Quad UART
保存.config文件
> make zImage
 
这样驱动就添加好了,如果你的根文件系统使用了mdev,那么不用做任何修改,mdev会自动地将四个新串口添加在
/dev/serial/tty目录下面,分别为
ttyS0, ttyS1, ttyS2, ttyS3。
查看更详细的信息
> cat /proc/tty/driver/serial 将显示四个串口的物理地址和虚拟地址
 
四.碰到的问题
内核启动过程中,报错
Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 000000c0
产生这个错误有两种可能:
(1)       地址指针错误,比如在初始化平台设备结构体时丢掉了&符号。
static struct platform_device mini2440_device_st16c554 = {
     .name            = "serial8250",
     .id                 = PLAT8250_DEV_EXAR_ST16C554,
     .dev               = {
            .platform_data      =
&mini2440_st16c554_8250_data,
     },
};
(2)       在为ST16C554的四个端口指定系统地址时,没有使用Memory地址,而使用了IO地址。
#define PORT(_base,_irq)                           \
 {                                                            
\
           .mapbase              = (unsigned long)_base,     
\
           .irq                = _irq,                 
\
           .uartclk          = 1843200,          \
           .iotype           = UPIO_MEM32,            
\
           .flags             = (UPF_BOOT_AUTOCONF | UPF_IOREMAP),    \
           .regshift         = 0, \
 }
在 driver/serial/8250_exar_st16c554.c中使用的是IO地址
#define PORT(_base,_irq)                          \
   {                                       
\
          .iobase   = _base,        \
          .irq         = _irq,                 
\
          .uartclk   = 1843200,          \
          .iotype    = UPIO_PORT,          \
          .flags      = UPF_BOOT_AUTOCONF, \
       }
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