RHEL6U3安装64bit Oracle 11gR2

今天接到通知，下周去一个新客户那边部署新环境，问题是时间还很紧，让下周一就去，时间紧还不是大问题，问题是产品的中间件Weblogic跟数据库Oracle我都好久没玩了，没得办法，只能提前演练一下了，为了下次找起来更加方便，就把过程整理到本博客上面来，也可以方便其他童鞋的查询吧。

谁要是跟我纠结时间这么紧，哪来的时间写博客的，我跟谁急哦！方便自己，也方便大家嘛！

华丽分割线

一.查看系统配置信息

[root@web-db ~]# hostname  --fqdn   //查看主机名
web-db
[root@web-db ~]# ifconfig  eth0  //查看本机IP地址
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 06:F1:96:00:00:C0
inet addr:192.168.153.153  Bcast:192.168.153.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::4f1:96ff:fe00:c0/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
RX packets:1706513 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:877952 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:2565533900 (2.3 GiB)  TX bytes:59768622 (56.9 MiB)
[root@web-db ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.153.153 web-db
[root@web-db ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release   //查看RHEL发行版本
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.3 (Santiago)
[root@web-db ~]# uname -m    //查看本机CPU架构
x86_64
[root@web-db ~]# free  -m   //查看内存跟交换分区信息
total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          7870       2876       4993          0         12       2609
-/+ buffers/cache:        254       7616
Swap:         5760          0       5760
[root@web-db ~]# df -H  //查看分区挂载信息
Filesystem             Size   Used  Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
9.1G   3.6G   5.1G  41% /
tmpfs                  4.2G      0   4.2G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/vda1              508M    33M   449M   7% /boot
/dev/vdb5
30G   181M    28G   1% /u01

当然，有朋友会问：你用的是物理机还是虚拟机？

我这么有钱，想想就知道我用的是什么了，是不是？

[root@web-db ~]# lscpu
Architecture:          x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                8
On-line CPU(s) list:   0-7
Thread(s) per core:    1
Core(s) per socket:    1
CPU socket(s):         8
NUMA node(s):          1
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 13
Stepping:              3
CPU MHz:               2393.998
BogoMIPS:              4787.99
Hypervisor vendor:     KVM
Virtualization type:   full
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              4096K
NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0-7

咦？ 怎么不是物理机，我说我什么时候这么有钱的呢？用的还是KVM虚拟机。

呵呵，开个玩笑，我们继续技术交流，禁止鄙视使用虚拟机的屌丝！

二.配置系统YUM源，安装依赖包

[root@web-db ~]# mount  /dev/sr0  /media/
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@web-db ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo
[rhel6u3-core]
name=rhel6u3-core
baseurl=file:///media
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

[root@web-db ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: product-id, subscription-manager
Updating certificate-based repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
Cleaning repos: rhel6u3-core
Cleaning up Everything

[root@web-db ~]# cat package.list   //需要安装的依赖包信息列表
binutils
compat-libcap1
compat-libstdc++-33
compat-libstdc++-33*.i686
elfutils-libelf-devel
gcc
gcc-c++
glibc*.i686
glibc
glibc-devel
glibc-devel*.i686
ksh
libgcc*.i686
libgcc
libstdc++
libstdc++*.i686
libstdc++-devel
libstdc++-devel*.i686
libaio
libaio*.i686
libaio-devel
libaio-devel*.i686
make
sysstat
unixODBC
unixODBC*.i686
unixODBC-devel
unixODBC-devel*.i686

[root@web-db ~]# yum install `cat package.list` -y   //安装依赖包

三.修改内核参数

[root@web-db ~]# cp /etc/sysctl.conf \
/etc/sysctl.conf_20131016.bak//备份文件
[root@web-db ~]# cat  /etc/sysctl.conf  //在文件爱呢最后添加如下
##==========Setting  For Oracle 11G R2============##
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

[root@web-db ~]# sysctl  -p  //让修改立即生效
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables" is an unknown key
error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables" is an unknown key
error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables" is an unknown key
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

四. 创建Oracle用户以及相关权限修改

1. 创建oracle 用户组跟用户

[root@web-db ~]# groupadd  oinstall
[root@web-db ~]# groupadd  dba
[root@web-db ~]# useradd  -g oinstall -G dba -m oracle
[root@web-db ~]# echo oracle |passwd  --stdin oracle  //创建密码
Changing password for user oracle.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

2. 修改限制

[root@web-db ~]# cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf.20131016.bak
##=============Setting For Oracle 11G R2=============##
oracle              soft    nproc   2047
oracle              hard    nproc   16384
oracle              soft    nofile  1024
oracle              hard    nofile  65536
oracle              soft    stack   10240
[root@web-db ~]# cat /etc/pam.d/login
##======Setting  For Oracle 11G R2========##
session required        pam_limits.so
[root@web-db ~]# cat /etc/profile
##===Setting For Oracle 11G  R2=====##
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
[root@web-db ~]# source  /etc/profile

3. 创建oracle安装目录以及配置相关变量

创建安装oracle目录
[root@web-db ~]# mkdir -p  /u01/app/oracle
[root@web-db ~]# chown  oracle:oinstall  -R /u01/app/
[root@web-db ~]# chmod  -R 755 /u01/app/
[root@web-db ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@web-db ~]$ cp ~/.bash_profile   ~/.bash_profile.20131016.bak
[oracle@web-db ~]$ cat ~/.bash_profile
##====Setting  For Oracle11g R2=====##
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID=clouddb
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export PATH
[oracle@web-db ~]$ source ~/.bash_profile

五.开始安装Oracle软件

[oracle@web-db oracle_install]$ ll
total 2295600
-rwxr--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1239269270 Oct 16 17:03 linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
-rwxr--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1111416131 Oct 16 17:05 linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[oracle@web-db oracle_install]$ unzip   linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[oracle@web-db oracle_install]$ unzip   linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[oracle@web-db oracle_install]$ cd database/
[oracle@web-db database]$ ls
doc  install  response  rpm  runInstaller  sshsetup  stage  welcome.html
[oracle@web-db database]$ exit  //回到root用户
[root@web-db ~]# xhost +  //如果没有安装图形化，可以[root@web-db ~]# yum groupinstall "Desktop"  "X Window System"  -y

使用oracle用户开始安装

[oracle@web-db database]$ export  DISPLAY=192.168.153.153:0.0
[oracle@web-db database]$ ./runInstaller
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 1728 MB    Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 5760 MB    Passed
Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors.    Actual 16777216    Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2013-10-17_11-14-21AM. Please wait ...

[root@web-db ~]# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root) context=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023
[root@web-db ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@web-db ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific ro
20000
ot actions.

六. 配置监听器

[oracle@web-db ~]$ netca
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Configuring Listener:LISTENER
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
Running Listener Control:
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
Listener Control complete.
Listener started successfully.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

[oracle@web-db ~]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora //查看生成的文件
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = web-db)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

[oracle@web-db ~]$ lsnrctl status  //查看监听器状态
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 17-OCT-2013 13:54:40
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=web-db)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                17-OCT-2013 13:48:10
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 6 min. 31 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/web-db/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=web-db)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully

七. 创建数据库实例clouddb

[oracle@web-db ~]$ dbca

注意：这边的密码千万别包含@字，否则在创建数据库实例的时候，报错：ORA-12154 tns could not resolve the connect identifier specified 八. 创建Oracle启动脚本1.修改oratab文件

[root@web-db ~]# cp /etc/oratab  /etc/oratab_20131017.bak
//N 改为 Y
[root@web-db ~]# tail  -n 1 /etc/oratab \
clouddb:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:Y

2. 修改dbstart跟dbshut脚本中ORACLE_HOME_LISTENER的值【

ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1 修改为 ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

[root@web-db ~]# cp  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart_20131017.bak
[root@web-db ~]# cp  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbshut /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbshut_20131017.bak
[root@web-db ~]# vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart //修改第80行
[root@web-db ~]# vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbshut //修改第50行

3.创建启动脚本文件

[root@web-db ~]# cat /etc/init.d/oracle
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: 2345 98 10
# description: Oracle auto start-stop script.
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=clouddb
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
case "$1" in
start)
echo "==start oracle=="
su oracle -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart"
su oracle -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"
su oracle -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
echo "`date` ==oracle startup successful== ">> /var/log/oracle11g.log
;;
stop)
echo "==shutdown oracle=="
su oracle -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut"
su oracle -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole "
su oracle -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
rm -f  /var/lock/subsys/oracle
echo "`date` ==oracle shutdown successful== ">> /var/log/oracle11g.log
;;
*)
echo "Usage: "$0" start |stop "
exit
;;
esac
exit 0

注意：上述脚本第2行chkconfig: 2345 98 10 中的98该值需要注意，我原来按照很多教程都写的99，发现系统重启之后，Oracle根本不会随机启动，查看发现有两个99的服务

[root@web-db ~]# ls /etc/rc2.d/S99*
/etc/rc2.d/S99local  /etc/rc2.d/S99oracle

所以改成不存在的数值：98，测试通过，完美运行。
4. 赋予可执行权限，加入开机启动

[root@web-db ~]# chmod a+x /etc/init.d/oracle
[root@web-db ~]# chkconfig  --add oracle
[root@web-db ~]# chkconfig  oracle on

5. 启动服务，查看是否成功

[root@web-db ~]# ps -ef |grep ora //没有ora真正进程
oracle    5598     1  0 13:23 pts/0    00:00:00 dbus-launch --autolaunch 29eae0cf81f05ed989bd283900000022 --binary-syntax --close-stderr
oracle    5599     1  0 13:23 ?        00:00:00 /bin/dbus-daemon --fork --print-pid 5 --print-address 7 --session
root      5803  1716  0 13:54 pts/0    00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle    5804  5803  0 13:54 pts/0    00:00:00 -bash
root     20479 20462  0 15:49 pts/1    00:00:00 grep oracle

启动服务

[root@web-db ~]# service oracle start    //启动oracle服务
Processing Database instance "clouddb": log file /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/startup.log
Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.2.0.1.0
Copyright (c) 1996, 2009 Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
https://web-db:1158/em/console/aboutApplication
Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control .......... started.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Logs are generated in directory /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/web-db_clouddb/sysman/log

再次查看ora进程

[root@web-db ~]# ps -ef |grep ora
oracle    5598     1  0 13:23 pts/0    00:00:00 dbus-launch --autolaunch 29eae0cf81f05ed989bd283900000022 --binary-syntax --close-stderr
oracle    5599     1  0 13:23 ?        00:00:00 /bin/dbus-daemon --fork --print-pid 5 --print-address 7 --session
root      5803  1716  0 13:54 pts/0    00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle    5804  5803  0 13:54 pts/0    00:00:00 -bash
oracle   20495     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
oracle   20632     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_clouddb
oracle   20634     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 ora_vktm_clouddb
oracle   20638     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_clouddb
oracle   20640     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_clouddb
oracle   20642     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_clouddb
oracle   20644     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_clouddb
oracle   20646     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 ora_dia0_clouddb
oracle   20648     1  1 15:49 ?        00:00:01 ora_mman_clouddb
oracle   20650     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_clouddb
oracle   20652     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_clouddb
oracle   20654     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_clouddb
oracle   20656     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_clouddb
oracle   20658     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_clouddb
oracle   20660     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmon_clouddb
oracle   20662     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_clouddb
oracle   20664     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_clouddb
oracle   20666     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_clouddb
oracle   20748     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 ora_qmnc_clouddb
oracle   21053     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 ora_cjq0_clouddb
oracle   21265     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/perl/bin/perl /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/emwd.pl dbconsole /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/web-db_clouddb/sysman/log/emdb.nohup
oracle   21289 21265 45 15:49 ?        00:00:26 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/jdk/bin/java -server -Xmx384M -XX:MaxPermSize=400M -XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=20 -XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=40 -DORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 -Doracle.home=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/oc4j -Doracle.oc4j.localhome=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/web-db_clouddb/sysman -DEMSTATE=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/web-db_clouddb -Doracle.j2ee.dont.use.memory.archive=true -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=HTTPClient -Doracle.security.jazn.config=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_web-db_clouddb/config/jazn.xml -Djava.security.policy=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_web-db_clouddb/config/java2.policy -Djavax.net.ssl.KeyStore=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/config/OCMTrustedCerts.txt-Djava.security.properties=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/home/config/jazn.security.props -DEMDROOT=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/web-db_clouddb -Dsysman.md5password=true -Drepapi.oracle.home=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 -Ddisable.checkForUpdate=true -Doracle.sysman.ccr.ocmSDK.websvc.keystore=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/jlib/emocmclnt.ks -Dice.pilots.html4.ignoreNonGenericFonts=true -Djava.awt.headless=true -jar /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/home/oc4j.jar -config /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_web-db_clouddb/config/server.xml
oracle   21302 21265  1 15:49 ?        00:00:01 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/emagent
oracle   21329     1  6 15:49 ?        00:00:03 oracleclouddb (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   21364     1  1 15:49 ?        00:00:00 oracleclouddb (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   21530     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 ora_q000_clouddb
oracle   21532     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 ora_q001_clouddb
oracle   21777     1  0 15:49 ?        00:00:00 oracleclouddb (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   21782     1  1 15:49 ?        00:00:00 oracleclouddb (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   21830     1  0 15:50 ?        00:00:00 oracleclouddb (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   21837     1  0 15:50 ?        00:00:00 oracleclouddb (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   21840     1  7 15:50 ?        00:00:02 oracleclouddb (LOCAL=NO)
oracle   21861     1  8 15:50 ?        00:00:02 oracleclouddb (LOCAL=NO)

6登陆OEM，查看实例监控信息-----------------------------------------------
用户名：sys密码：创建数据库实例的时候设置的密码，那边我提醒密码不要包含@字符的，你懂了吧。连接身份：SYSDBA-----------------------------------------------